MARBLE 



LIME 



CALCIUM CARBONATE 



|ii;dities of shining marble-like chtiiuim. It is also largely employed as 

 ,i whitewash. 



For i In- materials employed along with lime in the formation of special 

 the reader is referred above; (pp. 292-3) and to the respective 

 it ions in this work of the articles there indicated. 

 Marble. The best-known marbles are those of the Aravalli series, 

 which include the quarries of Jodhpur (Makrana), of Tonkra in Kishengarh, 

 ar in Ajmir, as well as of Raialo in .Jaipur, all in Kujputana, 

 I of .liibbalpur in the Central Provinces. Within a radius of eight miles 

 und Maknina there are something like 100 quarries, but of these only 

 5 are at present worked. They vary in depth from 30 to 75 feet, and 

 follow the vein. The marble is excavated by blasting, and is then cut 

 into t he rcijiiired size by steel saws. It is hauled to the surface on wooden 

 rollers, and by manual labour. The quality of the stone is generally 

 better according to the depth it is worked, but owing to the crude 

 appliances used for hoisting to the surface, deep mines are impossible. 

 The dust and fragments produced during mining operations at Makrana 

 arc burnt into lime, and this quality is much appreciated for the finer 

 kinds of plastering. [Of. Journ. Queen Viet, Ind. Mem. Fund, March 

 904, 19-25.] 



Colours. The white marbles of Raialo are highly valued for filagree 

 s< -reens (jdli), of which numerous fine examples exist at Abu, Agra, 

 Ahmcdabad, Delhi, etc. The yellow marble of Jaisalmir (khottu) is a 

 pure yellow, not white and yellow veined. It is used in the tomb 

 Ghayas Beg and his wife at Agra, and is so abundant as to be locally 

 up as an ordinary building stone. The black marble found at 

 inslana is carved into statues and toys. The black material in the 

 inlaid work of the Taj and other Mughal buildings is a calcareous shale 

 found in the lower Vindhyan series at Chitor. The handsome, mottled, 

 green marble of Motipura in Baroda State, as also the grey and pink 

 marbles of Narwar in Kishengarh State, are much admired and largely 

 used for ornamental purposes. The onyx-marble of Nurpur and Shahpur, 

 Panjab,is famous. This is a cream-coloured rock streaked cloud-like with 

 iiirple, hence its name bodal (cloud). An exquisitely beautiful variety of 

 .yx-marble is found near Jhuli in Baluchistan, too remote from civilisa- 

 on to admit of its utilisation. The marbles and limes of Narnaul in 

 'atiala State are also well known. [Cf. Rec. Geol. Surv. Ind., 1906, xxxiii., 

 -60.] It is commonly believed that the reason why the marble used in 

 e Taj and other buildings has remained for three hundred years without 

 getting tarnished is due to its coarseness of grain and chemical purity. A 

 coarsely crystalline dolomite marble occurs near Mirganj, 11 miles west of 

 Jabbalpur, but it includes numerous crystals of tremohte, and its use for 

 tombstones at Jabbalpur shows that it is of inferior quality as a marble 

 stone when exposed to the weather. In Burma the beautiful semi-trans- 

 parent white marble so extensively employed for the figures of Gautama 

 is obtained chiefly from the Tsygen hills in the Madeya Sub-division of 

 the Mandalay district and near Sagaing. 



Uses. Marble is thus in extensive demand for the decoration of 

 sumptuous dwelling-houses, palaces, temples and mosques, and in the 

 construction of idols, ornaments, toys, etc. A highly instructive account 

 of its uses in the buildings of Agra will be found in the (Agra Gazetteer 

 1884, vii., 684-716, 728-35). In the Ain-i-Akbari mention is made 



715 



; MO "' ' ' ' 



Marble. 



lujputan*. 

 0. Pror. 



1 .inn'. 



White 

 Marbles. 



Yellow Marble. 



Black. 



MotUed. 



Grey and Pink. 



Onyx-marble. 



i ir.iin. 



Burma. 



i MI ol M..I! :-. 



