LIVE STOCK 



Cattle Diseases 



THE OXEN AND BUFFALOES 



Eice Straw. 



Absence of 

 Cattle Food. 



Diseases 

 of Cattle. 



Einderpeat. 



Anthrax. 



Foot and Mouth. 



Pleuro- 

 pneumonia. 



Prevention of 

 Disease. 



cut and dried as hay in order to be exported to the plains. The extent 

 to which leaves are utilised as cattle fodder is a speciality of India. 



In the deltaic tracts and rice lands generally, the cattle are miserably 

 poor. Grazing lands are limited, or totally wanting, and the only fodder 

 available in any quantity is rice straw, which provides scant nourish- 

 ment. Moreover, it may be said that little or no concentrated food is 

 given even to the work cattle in busy seasons. In peninsular India, good 

 grass is not found where the average annual rainfall much exceeds 40 

 inches. In some parts of that vast area, therefore, the cattle are exten- 

 sively fed by hand on the produce of arable tracts (Imp. Gaz., iii., 86), 

 The grazing lands of India and the grazing rights of the people are highly 

 controversial questions. Voelcker (Improv. Ind. Agri., 169-97) discusses 

 these very freely, and his views have on the whole been upheld by subse- 

 quent experience. But the almost complete absence of special fields of 

 cattle food is perhaps the aspect of Indian farming that strikes the visitor 

 as most significant. The possession of immense herds, reared on waste- 

 lands, accounts very largely for the ghi, which is so much traded in all 

 over India ; but one of the surest signs of the devastation caused through 

 failure of the rains is the sudden rise in the exports from India of cheap 

 hides a melancholy consequence of the starvation of these unprovided- 

 for herds. 



\Cf. Benson, Ind. Fodder Grasses, in Agri. Ledg., 1892, No. 1 ; Watt, Ground-nut 

 as Cattle Food and Fodder, 1893, No. 15, 87 et seq. ; Leather, Silage-making 

 in India, I.e., 1894, No. 2 ; Feeding Exper., New York Agri. Exper. Station Bull., 

 1897, No. 141 ; Wood, in Journ. Board Agri, 1899, vi., 311-32 ; Walker, Measure- 

 ment of Cattle, Agri Ledg., 1899, No. 8 ; Leather, Food-Grains and Fodders of 

 India, I.e., 1901, No. 10; Mollison, Textbook Ind. Agri., 1901, ii., 11-41, 48-52 ; 

 Mukerji, Handbook Ind. Agri., 632-42 ; Meagher and Vaughan, Dairy Farming 

 in Ind., 1904, 1-14 ; Settl. Repts., especially those of Burma, deal fully with, 

 the fodder supplies and grazing rights.] 



DISEASES OF CATTLE. The Agricultural Ledgers enumerated 

 below contain many valuable papers on the diseases of cattle. The more 

 serious and special diseases are briefly : 



1. Rinderpest the bossonto, gute, kalawah, pitchinow, peya, kyauk* 

 pauJc, etc. 2. Anthrax the golafula, gutherewan, goli, suih, odro, thalo- 

 rinova, daungthan, etc. 3. Foot and Mouth Disease the khurat, aosha, 

 khurpakka, mohona, mupaung, sha-na-kwalna, etc. And 4. Pleuro- 

 pneumonia the phipri, asok-yaw-ga, etc. In a special Veterinary Series 

 of The Agricultural Ledger have been published numerous papers on the 

 above and other diseases which the reader, desirous of such information, 

 should consult. Two papers may, however, be specially indicated, 

 namely, Dr. K. Mcleod's Measures, Legal and Sanitary, adopted by 

 European Countries to oppose the introduction and spread of cattle 

 plague (1896, No. 20), and Prof. Koch's Method of Immunising Cattle 

 against Rinderpest and the ^Resolution of Government of India on the 

 same, together with the Opinions of Indian Veterinary Authorities 

 (1898, No. 5). But for practical dairying operations, particulars of all 

 the ordinary ailments of cattle will be found in the chapter on diseases 

 of horned cattle and their treatment given by Meagher and Vaughan, 

 in their work on Dairy Farming in India (1904, 113-143, 147). These 

 authors conclude with the following recommendations, strict attention to 

 which they consider calculated to avert serious loss and inconvenience : 



" (a) Proximity of grazing grounds to the cattle-yard, enabling the 



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