\MI.D GOATS 



LIVE STOCK 



Or.atM 



cattle to go out an<! ILK k without possible contact with outside cattle or 

 their tracks : (li) Complete separation Ketween tin- dry stock and cattle in 

 milk ; (<) Frequent in-~iii-ctii.ii of .ill hoin.- r.ittlc, ,ind immediate wol 



m.ils from anv disorder, however Mmple ; and the prompt di 

 <>t all ropes, standings, troughs, etc. ; (d) Perfect Kan it u,d about 



tin- cattle-yard, >tandings, stalls, etc.; (e) Tramway linen for the con- 

 veyance of grain, fodder. et< -.. to the cattle-yard and the rigid ex< ln-ion of 

 all ont>ide draught-cattle bringing in these supplies; (/) The allotment 

 to sick cattle of special attendants, who must not In- permitted to ap- 

 proach the healthy animals, or associate with the staff working il 

 cattle -yard ; (</) The best and most wholesome fodder, grain, cake, etc., 

 only ted to the cattle ; and (h) Complete segregation at as great a distance 

 as possible from the infected enclosure ; and, as calves are the prin 

 medium, not more than sixteen calves should be housed togeth. 



Poisoning. Among the important causes of cattle-death has un- 

 fortunately to be given criminal poisoning. The chumars are the chief 

 criminals, and their method of accomplishing their nefarious purpose is 

 by the use of the sui (see Abrus, p. 1). 



[C.i. VoeU ker, Improv. Ind. Agri., 1893, 213-5; Pease, Cattle Plague, in Agri. 

 Ledg., 1 soil, \.>. 8 ; also Kristnasamiengar, Cattle Disease of Mysore, 1896, No. 28.] 



//. THE QOATS AND SHEEP OF INDIA. 



In addition to the oxen (discussed above) the family of the BOVID.S 

 includes the goats and the sheep : 



THE WILD QOATS.The following are the species recognised by 

 zoologists : 



Capra aegagrus, Qmelin ,- Blanford, Fa. Br. Ind. (Mammalia), 502-3 ; 

 Masson, Journ. to Kalat, 1843, 445-6 ; the pasang (male), 602 (female), borz, 

 kayik, thar, sair, sarah, chank, etc. A wild goat found throughout Asia Minor 

 Persia, Afghanistan, Baluchistan and Sim 1. 



This remarkably interesting goat inhabits barren rocky hills in herds of 

 varying numbers, but always keeps much to the cliffs and crags. Capt. Button, 

 who, while Resident at Kandahar, devoted much careful study to c. a>.gagrttm 

 in domestication, and cross-bred it with the common goat, arrived at an emphatic 

 opinion, opposed to that advanced by Hodgson and others, namely, that the 

 Persian and Afghan goats at all events were not derived from : tryagniM. The 

 late Dr. Blanford, the most recent author, however, says " there can be no doubt 

 that ('. tryagrtiH is one of the species, and probably the principal from which 

 tame goats are derived." The flesh of this wild goat is highly prized. The 

 skins are valued as water and flour bags. The horns are carried by mendicants, 

 and trumpeting horns are made of them. The bezoar-stones are found in the 

 stomach (see Bezoar, p. 131). 



C. falconer!, Huge!. ; Blanford, I.e. 505-8 ; Vigne, Travels, etc., 1842, ii., 

 279 ; the markhor (snake-eater), rdche (the great horn), tush-ra (water goat), 

 rezkuh, rush, pachim, etc. 



A magnificent animal which inhabits the Himalayan tracts west of the Beas 

 to Kashmir, Ladakh, Baltistan, Afghanistan, Baluchistan, etc. It frequents high 

 ranges, especially where concealment is afforded by shrubs or broken rocks, and 

 is then met with in large herds. There are several well-marked local varieties 

 that differ from each other mainly in the length, shape and degree of twisting 

 and curving of the horns. It is much sought after by sportsmen, and is said to 

 be in appearance by far the grandest of all the wild goats. Has repeatedly 

 been bred in confinement and crossed with the domestic goat. It is generally 

 believed, in fact, that some of the races of domestic goats with spiral horns have 

 descended from this species. There are two important points that should be 

 borne in mind : the direction of the spiral of the horns is outwards, not inwards 

 (as in most domestic goats), and the markhor does not possess the under-fur or 

 pashm (pam) of the alpine domestic breeds. 



C. sibirica, Meyer ; Blanford, I.e. 503-5 ; the Himalayan Ibex, the skin or 

 sakin, dabmo or danmo, kail, tangrol, buz, skiu, etc. 



743 



' MTU' J 



: -..:*,:. ...-. 



D.E.P., 

 vi., pt. iL, 

 549-83. 

 Goats and 

 Sheep. 



Goat. 



MarUur. 



Crowed with 



Ibex. 



