LUFFA 



ACUTANOULA 



TKADE IN LIVE STOCK 



Fodder. 



Exports. 



Eice Bran. 



Beef and 

 Mutton. 



D.E.P., 



vi., pt. ii., 

 549-83. 



D.E.P., 

 v., 94-7. 



Rs. 22,27,523, of which Us. 21,23,214 represented cattle, sheep and goats, 

 etc. ; 1904-5, Rs. 19,40,129 (Rs. 18,98,380 cattle, sheep, etc.) ; 1905-6, 

 Rs. 19,33,828 (Rs. 19,07,228 cattle, sheep, etc.) ; and 1906-7, Rs. 22,63,176 

 (Rs. 22,21,416 cattle, sheep, etc. The horses go mainly from Bengal and 

 Bombay to Ceylon and Mauritius, and of the others Madras practically 

 conducts the entire trade, sending the animals to Ceylon and the Straits 

 Settlements. 



CATTLE FOOD AND FODDER. Exports. It is somewhat sur- 

 prising to discover in the published returns of the foreign trade of 

 India, a heading "Fodder, Bran, and Cattle Food, including Hay and 

 Straw." This is referred to three groups, as follows Oil-cake : Rice 

 bran : Other sorts. The total exports under these three headings were 

 in 1900-1 valued at Rs. 70,13,826; in 1902-3, Rs. 85,73,627; in 1904-5, 

 Rs. 97,21,116 ; in 1905-6, Rs. 1,18,15,434 ; and in 1906-7 at Rs. 93,99,644 

 (626,642). Of the large amount for 1905-6, Rs. 51,99,194 represented 

 the value of oil-cake, and Rs. 55,41,825 that of rice bran. Practically the 

 whole of the RICE BRAN goes from Burma and the OIL-CAKE very largely 

 from Madras, with a fair amount from Calcutta and the balance, very 

 nearly, from Bombay. Fully a third of these articles of cattle food is 

 consigned to the United Kingdom ; another third to Ceylon, the Straits 

 Settlements and Germany in approximately equal quantities. The balance 

 goes to Java, the Philippines and East Africa, followed by France, Aden, 

 Hongkong, Belgium, etc. 



Prices of Beef and Mutton. Particulars are given in Prices and Wages 

 in India (1904) of beef and mutton in certain localities of Western India 

 since 1855. During that time they have practically remained stationary : 

 if anything, cheapened. Taking the average of the quinquennial period 

 1871-5 as a standard, the price in the Presidency for BEEF was '25 rupee 

 a seer (= 2 Ib.) ; in Sind '17 ; in Rajputana and Central India '16. For 

 MUTTON, Bombay -31 ; Sind '18 ; Central India and Rajputana '21. Taking 

 these as 100, BEEP in Bombay was (in 1903) 80 ; in Sind 118, and in Central 

 India and Rajputana 50 ; MUTTON similarly was 100 (during 1871-5) in 

 Bombay, and in 1903 it was 97 ; in Sind 144, and in Central India and 

 Rajputana 95. These results are doubtless fairly expressive of India as a 

 whole; but no other returns are available, so that particulars of the other 

 provinces cannot be furnished. 



For trade in Lard and Tallow, see the separate article (pp. 701-3) ; 

 Hides and Skins (pp. 632-40) ; and Oils (pp. 813-4, 819). 



\Cf. Institutes of Manu, ii., 41 ; v., 8; viii., 298 ; xi., 139 ; Varthema, Travels 

 (ed.Hakl. Soc.), 1510, 87, 200; Ain-i-Akbari, 1590 (Blochmann, transl.), i., 63 ; 

 (Jarrett, transl. )ii., 350 ; Linschoten, Voy.E.Ind., 1598, i., 25 ; ii., 10 ; Fryer, New 

 Ace. E. Ind. and Pers., 1675, iii., 118, etc., etc. ; Ainslie, Mat. Med., i., 156, 184, 221, 

 423-5; Moorcroft, Travels, i., 58-9 ; Boyle, Prod. Res. 2nd., 161 ; Baden-Powell, 

 Pb. Manuf., 49 ; Lewin, Wild Races S.E. Ind., 1870, 261 ; Ind. For., x., 339 ; 

 xv., 27 ; Season and Crop Repts.~\ 



LUFFA, Cav. ; Fl. Br. Ind., ii., 614-6 ; Duthie, Fl. Upper Gang. 

 Plain, 1903, 367 ; Cooke, Fl Pres. Bomb., 1903, i., 531-3 ; Prain, Beng. 

 Plants, 1903, i., 519-20 ; CUCURBITACE.E. A genus of climbing plants, 

 native of the warmer regions of the Old World and one indigenous in 

 America. Four or five are wild in India. 



L. acutangula, Roxti. ; Duthie and Fuller, Field and Garden Crops, 1883, ii., 60, t. 

 Ixii ; Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind., iii., 61, 216. The taroi (torai), jhingd, satpatiya, shirala, 



754 



