MORUS 



ALBA HOKSE-RADISH TEEE 



White Mulberry 



Uses, As. Res., 1795, iv., 35-44 ; Milburn, Or. Comm., 1813, i., 275 ; Bennett, 



Wanderings in N.-S. Wales, etc., 1834, ii., 219 ; Mason, I.e. ii., 422 ; Pharmacog. 



Ind., 1891, ii., 226 ; Hummel and Perkin, Tinct. Prop. Ind. Dye Stuffs, in Journ. 



Soc. Chem. Indust., 189'4, ; Al Dyeing in C. Prov., in Agri. Ledg., 1896, No. 22 ; 



also Joshi, Al Dye, 1897, No. 20 ; Russell, Monog. on Dyeing C. Prov., 1896, 3-8 ; 



Duncan, I.e. 36 ; Imp. Inst. Tech. Repts., 1903, 209-11.] 



M. umbellata, Linn. ; nuna, mulughudu, maddi chekhe. A common climbing 



shrub of South India and the mountains of the Eastern peninsula through Assam 



to Burma, Ceylon, and the Malay Peninsula ; ascending the hills to altitudes of 

 javan 4,000 feet. It yields the dye known as mang-kudu, which is employed in Java 



Ked Dye. to give the red shades to batick calicoes. In India this dye is used only to a very 



small extent. [(?/. Hummel and Perkin, Col. and other Prin. contained in Mang- 



kondu (contrib. from Cloth-workers' Res. Lab., Yorkshire College) ; Imp. Inst. 



Tech. Repte., 1903, 217-8, app.] 



D E P MORINGA PTERYGOSPERMA, Gaertn. ; Fl. Br. Ind., ii., 



v.i 27fr-9. 45 ; Talbot, List Trees, etc., 1902, 118-9 ; Gamble, Man. Ind. limbs., 



Horse- 1902, 224-5 ; Duthie, Fl Upper Gang. Plain, 1903, 192-3 ; Cooke, Fl. 



radish. p res Bomb., 1903, i., 282 ; MOKINGE^;. The Horse-radish Tree, sajuna 



(or sajina), shdjnah, sunjna, munigha, munga arak, saragvo, seJcto, muna- 

 gdcha jhdda, musing, murungai, ddndalon bin, etc. A tree wild in the Sub- 

 Himalayan tracts from the Chenab to Oudh but very commonly cultivated 

 near homesteads, especially in Bengal and Assam. 



G. nm . It yields a GUM which is white when it exudes but turns gradually to a ma- 



hogany colour. It belongs to the tragacanth or hog-gum series, but owing to its 

 dark colour is of no European commercial value. From the seeds a clear, limpid, 

 almost colourless OIL is easily extracted by pressure. Both this oil and that 



Ben Oil. from or. nptern, Juss., are commercially termed Ben Oil, and are highly valued 

 as lubricants by watch-makers. The oil is, however, but seldom made in India 

 and does not form an article of export. Owing to its power of absorbing and 



Perfumery. retaining odours, it is fairly largely employed by perfumers. The tree flowers in 



February and produces long, whip-like beans in March and April. Leaves, 



Pot-herb. flowers, pods and even twigs are all cooked as pot-herbs. The immature pod 



is used in making the drum-stick curry of Europeans. The pod is also made 

 into pickles, and the root has long been known as an efficient substitute for 

 horse-radish. [Cf. Paulus JEgineta (Adams, transl.), iii., 65 ; The Bower 

 Manuscript (Hoernle, transl.), 1893-7, 84, 103, 108 ; Acosta, Tract, de las 

 Drogas, 1578, 343 ; Milburn, Or. Comm., 1813, ii., 499 ; Buchanan-Hamilton, 

 Stat. Ace. Dinaj., 1833, 158 ; Moodeen Sheriff, Mat. Med. Mad., 1891, 131-2 ; 

 Banerjei, Agri. Cuttack, 1893, 198 : Dhargalkar, Treat, of Jaundice with Root 

 Bark, Ind. Pharmacol., Sept. 1, 1896, 37-40 ; Waring, Baz. Med. Ind., 1897, 

 96-7 ; Dutt, Mat. Med. Hind., 1900, 117-9.] 



D.E.P., MORUS, Linn. ; Fl Br. Ind., v., 491-3 ; Gamble, Man. Ind. 



v., 270-84. Timbs., 1902, 634-6 ;' Talbot, List Trees, etc., 1902, 324 ; Prain, Beng. Plants, 



Mulberry. 1903j ^ 967 _8 . Brandis, Ind. Trees, 1906, 612 ; URTICACE.E. A genus 

 of trees or shrubs. Three species are said to be natives of India, of which 

 the best known is M. indica. The economic information regarding 

 each species cannot be accurately separated, as all possess very similar 

 properties. 



White. M. alba, Linn. ; the White Mulberry, tut, tul, chinni, satur, uppu nute, etc. A 



small deciduous tree indigenous in Northern and Western Asia ; cultivated in 

 Northern India and Trans-Indus country up to 11,000 feet. It is the chief mul- 



Pruit Edible. berry used for silk-production in the Panjab and Kashmir. The fruit is edible, 

 and there are many varieties according to locality. It flowers in February and 

 the fruit ripens in May and June. The wood weighs from 38 to 56 Ib. per cubic 

 foot (Gamble), and is employed for building, in making boats, furniture and agri- 

 cultural implements. [Cf. Bentham, Rev. of Targioni-Tozzetti, in Journ. Hort. 

 Soc., 1855, ix., 170-1 ; Dodge, Useful Fibre Plants of the World, 1897, 243 ; 

 Hosie, Rept. on Prod, of Ssu'ch'uan, China, 1904, No. 5, 17, 50, 55.] 



784 



