WESTERN IM'IV 



ORYZA 



ATIVA 



Cultivation 



Bombay. 



Art**. 



Vol. 



Rotation. 



tins work MI- .-.hilly and detect the counterfeit graMM. 

 I'nder the nursery system two khusMbas are ulfi< i.-nt, while fmr are 

 .tiul in broadcast sowing. Sometime.-, \\li.-i, th.- n . .- it 2 feet 

 ln-li the whole crop in ploughed up (self). When tin- rice hat bloomed, 

 .-iii.l the -niin beirmi ti lorni. the water ia run off the fie Ida, but a 

 tun.- h<- tore harvest a final watering is given to swell the earn. Harvest 

 takes place in the month* of September and October. [('. litest. 



Iff fits. Kashmir.] 



Bombay and Sind. -In 1905-6 the total area was 1,512,261 acres 

 in Bombay; l.oi.V.xi:.' acres in Sind. The largest areas in the Presidency 

 r in the Konkan : Thana, 304,872 acres; Kolaba, 248,067 acres; 

 Kanara, 185,873 acres; and in the Karnatak. Dhaiwar. HM>06acre; 

 Belgaum, 207,571 acres. Of Sind. the following may be mentioned : 

 Larkhana, 336,019 acres; Hyderabad. 215,297 acres'; Karachi. 189,273 

 acres; Thar and Parkar. 134,192 acres. 



Method* of Cultivation. Mollison tells us that rice is principally a kharif xi**/ Oo|. 



>p dependent on natural rainfall. In the Southern Collectorates, especially 

 in Kanara, rabi rice, known as vaingan, which ripens in the hot weather, is 

 grown. This rice is generally irrigated, usually by channel water drawn 

 from ;i nullah or natural spring. As a rule the crop is grown on the 

 same land year after year without rotation. This is the case in the Konkan, 

 except in years of favourable late rainfall, when a second crop of vdl, gram, 

 castor, wheat, or of mixed vdl and castor or mixed gram and castor may 

 be preferred. This second crop, however, is more common in the tank 

 irrigated rice-beds of Northern Gujarat and elsewhere than in the Konkau 

 rice-fields. In the southern tdlukas of the Swat district it is common to 

 grow a crop of sugar-cane once in four years or at longer intervals, and the 

 same practice prevails in the laterite soils of Belgaum, Dharwar and the 

 above-Ghat parts of Kanara. In the Belgaum and Dharwar rice-beds a 

 sprinkling of juar is sown with the rice. In Broach, in deep, black soil 

 and in the tdlukas, where the average rainfall exceeds 40 inches, i 

 sown subordinate to cotton. Elsewhere in Gujarat, where the land is not 

 true rice land and the produce uncertain, kodra and rice, with a sprinkling 

 of tuver, are a common mixed crop. 



The best soils are clays or clay loams with a substratum of other porous 

 material. Embankments are formed, and the surface of the beds made 

 level. Many fields on and under the Ghats are never manured, but the seed- 

 beds invariably are, either by burning rdb material thereon or by direct 

 application of manure. The rice-beds of Gujarat and those of the flat 

 bottom-lands of the Konkan and elsewhere are regularly manured. In 

 Gujarat tank-mud, 40 loads per acre, is a favourite application, and the 

 practice of green manuring is also common. Castor cake may also be 

 given as a top-dressing to supplement ordinary manure. Fish manure 

 is similarly employed in the southern tdlukas of Surat and part- of 

 the Konkan. In Kanara and the forest tracts of Dharwar, leaves and 

 twigs of certain forest trees are used as a green manure. Rice is sown 

 broadcast, drilled, or broadcast in a seed-bed and thence transplanted. The 

 first is seldom adopted except in the case of rice grown on marshy situa- 

 tions reclaimed from the sea. The second plan is very common in the 

 western tdlukas of Belgaum and Dharwar and above the Ghats in Kanara 

 and in unembanked fields in Gujarat. The third method is most suitable 

 In fields which are embanked and where the rainfall is over 80 inches, or 



Mi 



-~G..-. 



M i '. :?'. 



Method of 

 Cultivation. 



