PANICUM 



COLONUM 



THE RICE PLANT 



unhusked. In addition to this, a considerable quantity of unhusked rice (rice in husk) 



or paddy, amounting in 1906-7 to 655,132 cwt., valued at Rs. 19,98,886, 

 and smaller quantities of rice-flour, viz. in 1906-7, 6,165 cwt., valued 

 at Rs. 44,484, are annually exported. Robertson (Rev. Trade Ind.^ 

 1904-5, 23-4) states that both in regard to quantity and value the trade 

 of 1904-5 was the largest known, and that the average price was 7 per cent, 

 lower than in 1903-4. The bulk of the exports of husked rice is always 

 from Burma, which, out of the totals above mentioned, contributed 

 as follows : 1902-3, 36,791,543 cwt.; 1903-4, 33,346,351; 1904-5, 

 37,514,518 ; 1905-6, 31,067,895 ; and 1906-7, 28,105,443 cwt. Bengal 

 comes second with, in 1905-6, 8,955,237, and in 1906-7, 4,736,786 cwt. 

 Madras in 1905-6 supplied 1,500,945, and in 1906-7, 3,333,774 cwt. Sind 

 in 1905-6 gave 303,354 and in 1906-7, 1,344,529 cwt. Lastly, Bombay 

 in 1905-6 furnished 584,440 and in 1906-7, 533,443 cwt. According to 

 Robertson, unhusked rice goes entirely to Ceylon, except as a constitu- 

 ent of husked rice to prevent its heating. Of cleaned rice the princi- 

 pal destinations west of Suez are Germany, which, in 1905-6, took 



4.968.851 cwt., valued at Rs. 1,97,42,006 ; United Kingdom, 3,473,883 

 cwt., valued at Rs. 1,48,95,095 ; Holland, 2,513,425 cwt., valued at 

 Rs. 89,00,902 ; Austria-Hungary, 2,442,632 cwt., valued at Rs. 87,55,678. 

 Of the Eastern section of the trade, the most remarkable feature is the 

 development in the export to Japan, which amounted in 1904-5 to 

 9,277,239 cwt., valued at Rs. 3,52,13,937, an increase of 32 per cent, over the 

 quantity for 1903-4, though it fell in 1905-6 to 6,593,531 cwt. After Japan 

 in 1905-6 comes Ceylon with 5,976,582 cwt., valued at Rs. 3,21,23,634 ; 

 then the Straits Settlements with 5,028,694 cwt., valued at Rs. 2,05,89,495. 



The IMPORTS into British India do not amount to much, viz. in 1905-6,. 

 965 cwt. unhusked rice, valued at Rs. 3,263, and 7,230 cwt. husked rice,, 

 valued at Rs. 40,018, the bulk of which comes from the Straits Settle- 

 ments. 



Of the trade by land (Trans-frontier) the latest available figures are 

 for 1906-7. In that year the quantity of husked rice EXPORTED amounted 

 to 69,050 cwt., valued at Rs. 4,31,739, and unhusked rice to 29,682 cwt., 

 valued at Rs. 1,64,542. The Trans-frontier import trade is considerable. 

 In the year under review, IMPORTS of husked rice amounted to 1,173,025- 

 cwt., valued at Rs. 76,08,888, and of unhusked rice to 1,349,532 cwt., 

 valued at Rs. 49,84,420. Almost the whole of this, husked and un-husked, 

 Nepal. comes from Nepal, viz., in 1906-7, the former, 945,640 cwt., and the latter, 



1.215.852 cwt. 



Countries to 

 which Exported. 



Europe. 



Japan. 



Ceylon. 



Straits 

 Settlements. 



Trans- 

 frontier. 



D.E.P., 



vi., pt. i., 

 6-15. 



Fodder. 



PANICUM, Linn. ; II. Br. Ind., vii., 26-60 ; Pram, Beng. Plants, 

 1903, ii., 1174-80 ; GRAMINE^. One of the largest genera of grasses. Of 

 the Indian species several are much valued as fodders, owing to their 

 abundant yield of grain Millet. 



P. antidotale, Retz. ; Duthie, Fodd. Grass. N. 2nd., 1888, 4; Lisboa, Bomb. 

 Grass., 1896, 23, t. 9. The gunara, layo-gundli, gdmur, gharam, male, etc. A tall 

 coarse plant, abundant on the plains of Northern India, and extending to- 

 Baluchistan and Afghanistan. 



P. COlonum, Linn. ; Duthie, I.e. 4; Lisboa, I.e. 11, t. 7 The awank, shama; 

 sivaen borrur, wundu. An annual, abundant throughout the plains, ascending 

 to moderate elevations on the Himalaya. In parts of the Panjab it is culti- 

 vated for its grain. It is generally considered one of the best FODDER grasses 

 in India. \Cf. Church, Food-Grains of Ind., 1886, 50.] 



842 



