RESIN AND TURPENTINE 



PINUS 

 LONOIFOLIA 

 Manufacture 

 obtained was valued at 5 to 6 per ton in London. At present. however, it 



it dm area of forest in too HI mill to make the industry of 

 uoe in Assam, while in Burnm the distance from the riven and coa* 1 

 the chief forests precludes its profitable extra the figures quoted. 



Thurston. I.e. 19-22 ; Scott. Oat. Upper Burma and Shan State*. 1000, i.. pt. 2. 

 317-8; 11KK), ii.. pt. 1, 318-9; Max and Bertha Ken-am, Hnrmn, I1MX. ' 

 Tschirch. Die Harze und die HanbehdUer, 1906, i., 694-fl.] 



P. Merkusll, Jung*. < a Vritae. The tinyu, htenru. A large evergreen tree of the 

 hill forests of the Shan States, Martaban and TenaMerim, at 500 to 3,600 feet. 



T!n reain of this species was examined by Armstrong at the same time as 



that of i: Hiinnyn. The crude turpentine in in<>r<< fluid mui clearer and yield* 



19 per cent . of < >il. The two oils closely resemble each other in all respects. 



mui ci.rn-s|>.iMil exactly in thrir ]>roperties to Fn-nch oil <>f t iir|i<-iitiin-. [Of. 



Thunton. I.e. l'2-3 ; Agri. Ledg., I.e.] 



DJB.P., 



P. longifolla, Roxb. Long-l^wd or Three-leaved Pine, talla, 

 chir, dhup, gniet, teadoug, kolan, sapin, neuhtar, ranzuru, gula, thansa ; 

 oleo-resin = gandabiroza, chir-ka-gond, koto, etc. A large, more or less 

 deciduous tree of the Outer Himalaya and Siwalik Range, also valleys of 

 tlio principal Himalayan rivers at 1,500 to 7,500 feet ; extending west to 

 Afghanistan and east to Bhutan. 



Resin. This species is the chief tree tapped for resin. Tapping 

 in a systematic manner was commenced in Jaunsar, but has now ex- 

 tended both to the Panjab on the west and to the forests of Kumaon on 

 the east. Gamble states that in 1888-9 about 9,600 trees were tapped 

 in Jaunsar, each giving about 8 Ib. of resin. The total yield of the year 

 was over 1,000 maunds resin, which produced at the Forest School Factory, 

 Dehra Dun, about 900 maunds of COLOPHONY and 1,740 gallons of TCR- 

 PENTINE, which sold for nearly Rs. 9,000. There are two methods of 

 tapping the trees, Native and European. The system employed by 

 the hillmen of Kumaon and Garhwal is to cut a niche into the trunk about 

 3 feet from the ground, the bottom of which is hollowed out. The resin 

 is collected as the niche fills, sometimes every second or third day, usually 

 between the fourth and fifth days. The niche has to be deepened and 

 lengthened from time to time, and the same niche may be used for two 

 or even three years. By the European method an incision about 1 foot 

 long, 4 inches wide and 2 deep at the base, not including the bark, is cut 

 into the tree, and a curved incision about 5 inches long is made just 

 below that, into which a piece of zinc is inserted so as to form a lip from 

 which the resin may flow into a pot suspended beneath. The cuts are 

 renewed about twice a month. Of the manufacture of turpentine and 

 colophony from the crude resin a full account is given by Birbal (Ind. 

 For., 1900, xxvi., 497-503). 



At the present day the Government are the only producers of resin 

 and turpentine in India, and the supplies come through the Conservators 

 of Forests in the Panjdb, Central Circle, School Circle, United Provinces, 

 Dehra Dun. [Cf. Proc. Dept. Rev. and Agri., May 1905, Nos. 12-3.] 

 In 1901-2 the outturn of resin, colophony and turpentine was as follows : 

 In the Panjab (For. Admin. Rept. Pb., 1901-2, 15), 63,188 trees \v.-n- 

 tapped, and yielded 495,850 Ib. resin, 256,824 Ib. colophony, 7,081 gallons 

 turpentine ; in Naini Tal (For. Admin. Rept. U. Prov., Cent. Circ., 1901-2, 

 14), 38,632 trees, yielding 222,300 Ib. resin, 88,888 Ib. colophony, 

 2,204 gallons turpentine ; in Dehra Dun (For. Admin. Rept. U. Prov., 

 School Circ., 1901-2, 8), 14,420 trees, yielding 135,500 Ib. resin, 103,976 Ib. 

 colophony, 2,693 gallons turpentine. In 1903 turpentine was sold by the 



889 



leaved 

 Pine. 



Resin. 



Colophony nd 

 Tnrp * nl 



Method of 



8o0 '"" * 



