PIPER 



CUBEBA 



Cubebs 

 Price. 



Soap. 

 Soft Eesin. 



Tar. 



Essential Oil 

 of the Needles. 



Trade. 



Foreign. 



D.E.P., 



vi., pt. i., 

 256-60. 



Chaba. 



Cubebs. 



Essential OU. 



THE CUBEBS AND LONG PEPPER 



Conservator, Central Circle, United Provinces, at Kathgodam railway 

 station, for Rs. 2-4-0 per gallon, and colophony, at Cawnpore, for 

 Rs. 4-8-0 to Rs. 4-12-0 (10 to 11 annas represents carriage to Cawn- 

 pore) per maund of 82 Ib. The average price in the Panjab Circle 

 was Rs. 6-14-0 per maund at Amritsar for crude resin, Rs. 1-14-0 per 

 gallon at Amritsar for turpentine, Rs. 3-3-3 per maund at Calcutta and 

 Amritsar for colophony. The colophony is sold chiefly for soap manu- 

 facture, and the turpentine is in great demand for various industries, 

 but chiefly in railway workshops. Indian resin is softer than ordinary 

 trade samples : to overcome this defect it has been recommended to heat 

 the resin more completely during distillation (Bkaduri Rept., Labor. 

 2nd. Mus., 1902-3, 22-3 ; also Hooper, I.e., 1903-4, 25). 



The roots of felled trees are also utilised in the manufacture of TAR, 

 which in Jaunsar has for some years been systematically prepared in 

 closed masonry kilns. The tar is boiled down into pitch and exported 

 to the plains for sale. The needles were found on distillation to yield 

 only O'l per cent, of the essential oil. They contained a large proportion 

 of resin, and their fibre was found unsuitable for paper-making. The 

 leaves yield no nitrogen and less mineral matter than straw. They, 

 however, constitute a good litter for stables and cattle-sheds (Hooper, 

 I.e., 1904-5, 26 ; 1905-6, 31). 



Trade. The foreign IMPORTS of India in resin, during 1904-5, 

 amounted to 49,003 cwt., valued at Rs. 2,98,073 ; in 1905-6 to 64,602 

 cwt., valued at Rs. 5,51,279 ; and in 1906-7, 96,486 cwt., valued at 

 Rs. 8,82,060. In recent years the United Kingdom has been the chief 

 source of supply, and in 1906-7 contributed 66,203 cwt., followed by the 

 United States, 16,416 cwt., and then by Germany, 12,895 cwt. The 

 EXPORTS in 1904-5 amounted to ],918 cwt., valued at Rs. 37,515, and in 

 1906-7, 60 cwt., valued at Rs. 1,815. 



[Cf. 2nd. For., 1891, xvii., 23-8, 157-61 ; 1892, xviii., 261-2 ; 1893, xix. 

 407-11 ; 1894, xx., 4-5; 1895, xxi., 279; 1896, xxii., 72-4, 146; 1899, xxv. 

 43; 1904, xxx., 308-11; 1905, xxxi., 5, 425-34; Pharmacog. Ind., 1893, iii. 

 378-9 ; Thorpe, Diet. Appl. Chem., 1900, iii., 15, 805-10 ; Proc. Govt. of Ind. 

 De.pt. Rev. and Agri. (Forests), Oct. 1903, (A) Nos. 6, 7 ; May 1905, Nos. 5, 6 

 12-3 ; June 1905, No. 28 ; For. Admin. Repts. Pb. and U. Prov. ; For. Working 

 Plans, Pb. and U. Prov. ; Schimmel & Co., Semi-Ann. Repts. ; Tschirch, Die 

 Harze und die Harzbehdlter, 1906, i., 594.] 



PIPER, Linn. ; Fl. Br. Ind., v., 78-97 ; Gamble, Man. Ind. Timbs., 

 1902, 554 ; Prain, Beng. Plants, 1903, ii., 892-3 ; PIPERACE^;. A large 

 genus of shrubs, rarely herbs or trees, some 45 of which are natives of, or 

 naturalised in, India. Several are of great economic interest and value. 



P. Chaba, Hunter, As. Res., 1807, ix. 391-2 ; chdb, chavi, kankala ; wood and 

 roots = chaikath. A native of the Moluccas, cultivated in India for its fruit, 

 the chaba of Indian MEDICINE. The wood and root are used in Bengal for 

 DYEING and give a pale brown on cotton if used alone, but mixed with bakam 

 (Ctesniitinin Sajt^an), a brownish-red. [Cf. The Bower Manuscript (Hoernle, 

 transl.), 1893-7, 81, 94, etc. ; Pharmacog Ind., iii., 176 ; Dutt, Mat. Med. Hind 

 1900, 244, 295.] 



P. Cubeba, Linn., f. ; Cubebs, kabdb-chini, timmue, luit-marz, himsi-mire, 

 tada-miri, dumki-mirchi, val-mellaghu, chalavamiriydlu, bdla menasu, komunkus, 

 sinban-karawa, etc. A native of Java and the Moluccas, cultivated to a small 

 extent in India, and the fruit imported. It yields an unimportant gum-resin. 

 The fruit, known as cubebs, has been used in European MEDICINE from the 

 Middle Ages, and yields a thick, colourless essential OIL, with an aromatic- 

 odour and flavour of camphor and peppermint, [Cf, Acosta, Tract, de las Drogas, 



890 



