TRADE IN PEPPER 



PIBTACIA 



Kakraaingi 



Internal. The total registered transactions carried by rail and river 

 during 1904-5 were 14,745,544 Ib. ; 1905-6, 15,203,216 Ib. ; 1906-7, 



1 .770 Ib. Calcutta port and the province of Bengal are usually 

 t-iiicf IMPORTING centres, being followed in this respect by the Panjab. 

 In the last-mentioned year, Calcutta town took 2,686,768 Ib. ; Bengal 

 province, 2,217,376 Ib. ; and the Panjab, 1,500,128 Ib. Of the EXPORTING 

 centres, Calcutta again heads the list, having given 4,752,384 Ib. ; Madras 

 i.MHv, :*,654,448 Ib. ; Bombay port, 2,727,088 Ib. ; Madras ports, 

 096 Ib. ; and Karachi, 1,272,320 Ib. The Calcutta and Bombay 

 supplies are derived by rail and river as well as by sea coastwise. The 

 rhirf exporting centres are Madras and Bombay, and naturally so, since 

 they are the provinces of production. The Madras supply is, however, 

 drained very largely from Travancore, and is consigned direct to Calcutta 

 or Bombay ; so also the production of the Madras Presidency (so far as 

 returns of coasting trade show) is consigned almost entirely to Calcutta 

 and Bombay. During the five years ending 1905-6 the imports averaged 

 16 million Ib., of which Calcutta and Bombay ports each took 6 million Ib. 



External. The total EXPORTS of Indian pepper during the period 

 1900-7 were as follows : 1900-1, 8,280,372 Ib., valued at Rs. 28,91,835; 

 1901-2, 13,589,172 Ib., valued at Rs. 48,01,554 ; 1902-3, 9,310,166 lb. t 

 valued at Rs. 32,76,476 ; 1903-4, 14,348,983 Ib., valued at Rs. 50,71,541 ; 

 1904-5, 10,113,416 Ib., valued at Rs. 35,46,209 ; 1905-6, 17,889,994 Ib., 

 valued at Rs. 61,07,357 ; and in 1906-7, 9,499,089 Ib., valued at 

 Rs. 33,01,237. The chief exporting provinces are Madras and Bombay, 

 which in 1906-7 exported respectively 7,722,866 Ib. and 1,682,468 Ib. The 

 countries to which the exports chiefly go are Italy, which in 1906-7 iui y . 

 took 2,263,912 Ib. ; Germany, 1,813,756 Ib. ; United States, 1,034,040 Ib. ; 

 Great Britain, 757,311 Ib. ; Turkey-in-Asia, 719,501 Ib. ; Aden, 363,899 Ib. ; 

 France, 338,758 Ib. ; Belgium, 112,000 Ib., etc. The rfe-exports of foreign 

 merchandise are unimportant 10,227 Ib. in 1906-7. The IMPORTS of 

 pepper into India come almost entirely from the Straits Settlements, strmitt. 

 which, in 1906-7, imported 990,564 Ib. out of a total of 1,061,826 Ib. 

 The other countries from which India imports pepper are chiefly Ceylon 

 and East Africa. 



gxtni. 



Poets. 



D.E.P., 

 268-75. 



PISTACIA, Linn. ; Fl. Br. Ind., ii., 13 ; Gamble, Man. Ind. 

 Timbs., 1902, 210-1 ; Duthie, Fl. Upper Gang. Plain, 1903, i., pt. 1, 187 ; 

 Brandis, Ind. Trees, 1906, 199-200 ; ANACARDIACE^E. A genus of trees 

 containing some six species, of which two only are natives of India. 

 Several others occur in Afghanistan and Baluchistan and yield valuable 

 articles of trade sent largely to India, besides some of the species being 

 there occasionally cultivated. 



P. Khlnjuk, Stocks, iaHook., KewJourn. Bot., iv., 143 ; Duthie, I.e. 187 ; P. integer- 

 rima, Stewart, Gamble, I.e. 210. The North- West Himalayan form (<w*yerv*m) 

 kukra, drek, yurgu, tdnhdri, etc. ; galls = kdkrasingi, diuhtapuchaUu ; the Baluchistan 

 form (Khainjauk)uahgai or buzgai, etc. A deciduous tree of theSulimun and Salt 

 Ranges; outer Western Himalaya, up to 6,500 feet, extending east to Kumaon ; 

 chiefly on dry slopes and in river valleys. 



The hard, rugose, hollow galls, which form in October, are used to a small 

 extent for dyeing and tanning, and have long held a place in the Hindu Materia 

 Medico. They contain 75 per cent, tannic acid and give a blue-black colour with 

 ferric chloride. The leaves are lopped for fodder tor buffaloes and camels. The 

 wood is used for furniture, carvings and ornamental work. According to Gamble, Timbr. 

 it is generally sold in the hill bazars, particularly at Simla, in the form of thick, 

 short planks. [Cf. Pharmacog. Ind., i., 374-7 ; The Bower Manuscript (Hoernle. 



901 



GalU. 



