TI1K POMEGRANATE 



PUNICA 



ORANATUM 



for export, much of it going to France." In 1897-8 the price (or 

 " Cochin " grain was 10*. per Ib. ; in 1890 the price fell during the year 

 from 10*. to 2s. per Ib.. and in 1900 it U said to have been sold at U. per Ib. 

 In a n-|'.., t i.y Dunstan, of September 1905. the market price in London 

 is stated to be 4d. per Ib. Recently the drug haa been examined with a 

 view to discover its value as a tanning material, and a report (Kino as Tanning 

 Mat., Imp. Inst. Kept., Sept. 13. 1905) was issued on the result* obtained. 

 Duns t tin considers that kino would be quite suitable for use as a Banning material, 

 oil a Miniuercial scale, provided it could be obtained at a sufficiently low cost to 

 it to compete with other tanning materials. He regards a price of about 



'.! . .-.- 



Wood. 



Red 

 Sander* 



Wood. 



2J. per Ib. as the limit. Experiment seems to prove that the kino prepared by 

 the method of merely drying the juice in the sun is the best for use as a tan. 



The bark ia occasionally employed for DYKING. Sir Thomas Wardle foun<l it to 

 contain a brownish-red colouring matter, which produced reddish-fawn colours 

 \\itli tuaar silk. In the territory of Goa it is also employed for its astringent 

 properties. The leaves make an excellent FODDER, and are reported by M" 

 to be specially valuable as a MANURE. After teak and blackwood, the kino 

 WOOD is said to be the most important in South India, and to be in RT- 

 for door and window frames, posts and beams, furniture, agricultural implement*, 

 cart and boat building, and has also been used for sleepers. It has a high reputa- 

 tion in the manufacture of double-headed drums, being regarded as specially 

 sonorous. [Cf. Pharmacog. 2nd., i., 464-7 ; Schaer-Strassburg, Drachfnblut und 

 Kino, Reprint from Proc. Germ. Pharm. Soc., 1901 ; Weft African Kino, in Der 

 Tropenpflanzcr., June 1902, vi., 306-8 ; Imp. Inst. Tech. Repts., 1903, 176-6.] 



P. santallnus, Linn., /. Red Sanders Tree, Red Sandal-wood, rukhto-chandan, 

 undum, tifapami, ran/ana, ratdnjli, tdnibada, chandana, shen-shandanam, erra- 

 gandhapu-chekka, gandham, rempugandha-cheke. aandaku, etc. A small tree of 

 South India, chiefly in Cuddapah, North Arcot and the southern portion of the 

 Karnul district. On a small area, near Kodur, in Cuddapah, it has been very 

 successfully cultivated (see p. 976). 



In former years the great use of the wood of this species was as a DYE, and 

 large shipments were made annually from Madras to Europe, where it was employed 

 as a colouring agent in pharmacy, for dyeing leather and for staining wood. The 

 demand, however, has now greatly declined, due probably to the increase in the 

 use of artificial dyes. In India it is chiefly employed in marking idols and for 

 staining the forehead in certain caste markings. The value of the wood as a dye 

 is due to a red colouring principle, Santalin, soluble in alcohol and ether, but not 

 in water. When dissolved in alcohol, it dyes cloth a beautiful salmon-pink. 



The WOOD is highly prized for house posts, and in the South Deccan is univer- 

 sally employed for plough-poles and other agricultural implements. It is also 

 in great demand for carved work, wood idols, boxes and picture frames. [Cf. 

 Garcia de Orta, 1563, Coll., xlix. ; Pharmacog. Ind., i., 462-4 ; Hadi, Monog. 

 Dyes and Dyeing in U. Prov., 1896, 81 ; Holder, Monog. Dyes and Dyeing in 

 Madras, 1896, 4 ; Dutt, Mat. Med. Hind., 1900, 154 ; For. Admin. Repts. Madras ; 

 Hanausek, Micro. Tech. Prod. (Winton and Barber, transl.), 1907, 252.] 



PUNICA GRANATUM, Linn. : Fl. Br. Ind., ii., 581 ; Gamble, D.E.P., 

 Man. Ind. Timbs., 1902, 377 ; Duthie, Fl. Upper Gang. Plain, 1903, 354 ; vi., pt. L 

 Prain, Beng. Plants, 1903, i., 505 ; Cooke, Fl. Pres. Bomb., 1903, i., 515 ; \ 



mi T\ i ' 1. .. Z Jl If __ . ].,!.. J A~S, i OH16~ 



Timber. 



LYTHRACE^E. The Pomegranate, andr-kd-per, dhalim, madala, ddru, 

 jaman, dddam-nu-jhdda, mddalai, danimma, mdtalan, thole, etc. A shrub 

 or small tree wild in the Suliman Range between 3,500 and 6,000 feet, 

 Salt Range and West Himalaya. 



In many parts of India and Burma it is cultivated for its fruit, which, how- Fruit 

 ever, according to Firminger, is not to be compared with that brought down 

 annually by Afghan traders from Kabul. It is not particular as to soil, is said 

 to succeed even in the driest, but does not thrive in very damp climates. To 

 yield good fruit, it must be manured every year, preferably in December. Plants 

 may be multiplied either by seed, by cuttings, or by layers. The best method is 

 to raise seedlings and graft on them, when of sufficient height, from trees of a 

 superior kind. It bears fruit principally during the cold season. Before the 

 fruit is a quarter grown, it is frequently penetrated by a caterpillar which de- 

 vours the interior and causes the remainder to rot. To prevent this, when still 



909 



t;ninate. 



