INDIAN JKFK TIN K MKTHnD.S 



ROPES 

 AND CORDAGI 



Oil Traffle. 



. 



CoutrlM to 



blch 



. '. ' 



S- .Ml 



Traffic. 







. : -. 



: , :'.'*; 

 PrOYUkOM* 



- . 

 xcuuuciflK 



laForatgB 



seem to show that the Indian cantor <1 null* are not advancing with 

 the world's demand, an indication apparently of -i .'.uda, or of 



want of capital and enterprise in keeping up with tin- improvement* in 

 production effected in Hun.]..-. Tins subject seems well worthy of serioun 

 i. li-r.it ion. India enjoys a .ii.nn<i portion of advantage in th- 

 action of the seed, and an export of HO bulky and weighty a product 

 could only be profitable through great* i n, tin- oil-produ. 



The exports in oil go almost entirely from Bengal, Madras coming next 

 with about a tithe of the Calcutta tvallir. The countries to which exported 

 may be best illustrated by the figures of 1905-6 in gallons : To Australia, 

 293,677 ; to Natal, 256,528 ; n. th, Straits Settlement*, 201,169; t- 

 United Kingdom, 191,034; to New Zealand. 111.748; to Mauritius, 

 105,867 ; to Cape Colony, 92,070 ; to China (Hongkong), 68,392 ; to all 

 other countries, the balance on the total of 1,432,108 gallons. 



The expansion in the traffic of castor-seed has been remarkable. The 

 record year was 1902-3, and since then the quantity has somewhat 

 diminished, but in 1906-7 the price realised considerably improved. 

 France formerly was the chief consuming country, but within the 

 period named the demands of the United Kingdom have greatly in- 

 creased, as also those of Belgium, Italy and Germany, while France 

 has fallen off materially until it occupied in 1904-5 the third place, 

 and in 1905-6 the second place among the receiving countries. Bom- 

 bay is the chief exporting province : out of the total of approximately 

 1J million cwt. the western capital supplied fully one million, the balance 

 having gone from Madras and Sind. The producing regions for this 

 export traffic would appear to be the Nizam's Territory and Bombay 

 Presidency, which between them supplied 99 per cent, of the total amount 

 exported from Bombay town. The balance is derived from the Central 

 Provinces and Berar. Hyderabad is the chief centre. The Karachi 

 exports are doubtless Panjdb and Rajputana castor-seed, since, as already 

 shown, practically no castor is grown in Sind. Bengal exports no castor-seed. 



[Cf. Dioscoridee, Codex. Vindob., i., t. 170v. (an admirable picture and perhaps 

 the oldest representation of the plant extant) ; Paulus /Egineta (Adams, tranal.), 

 1847, iii., 170; Trague. De Stirp. Hist., 1552, i., 288 and pi. ; Meeua (ed. 

 Marinus), 1562, 88 and pi. ; Clueius, Hist. Exot. PI., 1605, 299 ; Rheede, Hort, 

 Mai., 1678, ii., 57-9, t. 32 ; Hunting, Phyt. Curios, 1696-1702, 45, t. 234 ; 

 Elizabeth Blackwell, Curious Herb., 1739, i., 143; Labat, Nouv. Voy. aux Isles 

 de FAmer., 1724, i., pt. ii., 211 ; Rumphiiis, Herb. Amb., 1760, iv., 97, t. 41 ; 

 Milburn, Or. Comm., 1813, ii., 208 ; Taleef Shereef (Playfair, transl.), 1 1 ; Bentham, 

 Rev. of Targioni-Tozzctti, in Journ. Hort. Soc., 1855, ix., 154-5 ; De Candolle, 

 Orig. Cult. Plants, 422 ; Rawlineon, Hist. Ancient Egypt, 1881, i., 64 ; NicholU, 

 Textbook Trop. Agri., 1892,229-33; Merrill, Castor Bean in India, 1893; alao 

 Rev. in Journ. Soc. Arts, 1894 ; Board of Trade Journ., March 1894 ; Pharmacog. 

 2nd., 1893, iii., 301-11; Agri. Ledg., 1894, No. 17; Kanny Lall Dey, Indig. 

 Drugs Ind., 270-5; Sadebeck, Die Kulturgew. der Deut. Kolon., etc., 1899, 

 235-7 ; Semler, Trop. Agrik., 1900, ii., 493-506 ; Jumellc, Les Cult. Colon. 

 (Indust.), 1901, 114-8; Mollison, Textbook Ind. Agri., 1901, iii., 106-8; Dubard 

 and Eberhardt, in L'Agri. Prat, des Pays Chaudt, 1901-2, i., 313-26 et teg. ; 

 Collett, Fl. Sim., 1902, 443 ; Wiesner, Die Rohst. des Pflanzenr., 1903, i., 516-7 ; 

 ii., 751-4 ; Prain, Beng. Plants, 1903, ii., 952 ; White and Humphrey, Pharmacop., 

 1904, 324 ; Brandis, Ind. Trees, 1906, 593.] 



ROPES AND CORDAGE. Many fibres are used for this purpose Ropes and 

 by the agricultural communities and hill tribes of India. Rural people ( 

 are never, in fact, at a loss to find a bark or twig that may be extemporised 

 into a fairly strong green string, quite suitable for tying bundles or even 



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