SALT 



<>l; i \in.i-: >\\:\ SODIUM CHLORIDE 



I udim, says: "They have a fruit, that grows in their fields and garden*. 



railed .../;'..'.. i'...nt the sice of a peach, but * hard 



before they \\* it. ami luring b<ntiMi to a p. .\M|.T they dreat it aa tea and ooflee 



',.1 take it with p. .wdr-d Hiii/ar <ui'l\. T), i* 



The artu-li- Indian j c u*u 



ru ha* been asoertahied to be ehietly tin- f never*! *peeia* of A/del*. 



i <!:, :'"' *'. !., / ,i:,,in and *.'. i<i< M- "tankand or Lahore 



"f tlu> shops), though probably al*> from th. specie* of a few other g*nera, 

 nml is |>ro.lu. e,l on the hills., I" Afghanistan. Main liokhara ; 



inn tho N'ilyiri hilU ami (Vylon an- *aid to furninh p. Indian supply. 



The sali p i, i llui .,[. m rommeree is procured , lxvant, and toaorov 



extent I'rom ( ii-rm, : ri\ ed mainly fi - iher* of Orfc< (MMMTMto. 



I are ilu_ r up after the plant hat flowered, air! -u on* are 



ed and set aside, ami Kul>He<jueiitly .-.trun^ on thread*, scalded, and dried in 



: ill ,.il heat. The o >mmer< Mil article is met with in three forms 



i, ami small , 



:us substitutes are sold in I kind known as : 



(bddshah aulab) has been identified as being derived from a species 

 i /..r/.-,iii. Bak.r, l!"t. Mn,/., t. l>7<7; Aifiiis. ,n. Annul* of Holany. lKH-Jt. in.. 

 15) : while the tuberous roots of Ai<> -/ Vest Himalaya 



and 1'tmjab) and of .1. ,..,..,,, (Dec-can) are the white mutal't (D.E.f . 1.. 

 343-C>) ; *! !/< i,i,,i,i, , iii,' l.!a k / ii., 050- 1 ), and O8C- 



l>ecies of iiabrmtriit are also so used (\Vatt, f'umm. Lrtt'm, L'jifjtr Ind., 

 13). Besides these substitutes an imitation -a!-- :' potatoes and 



xum (known as banawati aalab), is largely manufactured for the Indian market. 



A considerable Trans-frontier t r. tde exists in sali-; _>htuiistun, IVnia. Trmja. 



Baluchistan and Bokhara into India. A little trade is also done in collecting 

 sind drying in India itself, mostly Kashmir and Lahoul, the tuber* 

 MMjfeM*, but the bulk of the ordinary article met with in tin- - im- 



ported by sea into Bombay from Persia and the Levant. \Cf. Milburn, Or. 

 Comm., 1813, i., 108-9 ; Pharmacog. 2nd., iii., 384-7.] 



SALT, SODIUM CHLORIDE: Ball, Man. Econ. Geol Ind., D.E.P., 

 iii., 475-92 ; Blanford, Mem. Geol Surv. Ind., 1865, iv., 215 ; Wynne and 

 Warth, 1875, ix., 89, 299 ; Wynne, Geol Salt Range, 1878, xr 

 Oldham, Rec. Geol Surv. Ind., 1871, iv., 80 ; Memo, on Systems and Method*, 

 Admin, of Salt Dept. and Rev. in India, 1891 : \Vutt. /,'. .!/.. Prod., 

 1894-6; Director-Gen, of Stat. Rev., 1899-1903; Holland, Rev. Min. 

 Prod., in Rec. Geol Surv. Ind., 1905, xxxii., 78-86; 1906, xxxvi., 79-81 ; 

 Imp. Gaz., iii., 236 ; Gaz. of India Extra., March 21, 1906. Common Salt, 

 Table Salt, namak, nimak, Ion, nun, mitha uppu, lavanam, lavana, sa, - 



History. Salt in India is perhaps contemporaneous with the birth of 

 Indian agriculture. Its most ancient Sanskrit name, Lavana, has few, if 

 any, other meanings than salt or saltness. Susruta, the father of Indian 

 medicine, speaks of four kinds of salt, and these correspond with the four 

 chief grades known to-day, viz. Saindhava, the rock-salt of Sind and Kohat ; 

 Sdmudra, produced from the sea ; Romaka or Sdkam bari, Sambar Lake 

 salt ; and Pdnsuja or Ushasuta, salt produced from saline earth. 1 

 modern commerce, according to Mr. A. S. Judge, there are in Calcutta 

 some thirteen forms or grades of salt, as for example : 



(1) English panga salt, imported from Liverpool, MidoUeaborough. Hartlepopl 

 and Bristol the bulk coming from the mines of Cheshire. This is consumed in Qn&*. 

 the greater part of Bengal and Assam. (2) Hamburgh a rock salt obtained 

 from the mines. (3) Aden karkach salt, manufactured from sea-water by solar 

 evaporation. (4) Aden crushed salt. (5) Rawayah karkach salt this coma* 

 from the African coast of the Red Sea. (6) Rawayah crushed salt. 

 karkach salt this also cornea from a port (Salif) on the African coast. (8) Salif 

 crushed salt. (9) Salt from the Persian Gulf this used to be brought by the 

 Arab sailing-ships, but as these are rapidly disappearing the trade is on the 

 decline. (10) Bombay karkach salt. (11) Spanish karkach salt this is im- 



963 



