MINING AND EVAPORA!I"\ 



ODIUM 



" in tin- U'm-r.'i.i mm.-, Shuhpiir .ii-tr,. i. the team of rork-aJt befog worlwd 

 iB 20 feet thick, with a one-foot part .<!. .Uppin.. 



n t\\u miNvt K.X.K. .! i -rkd 



in open <|uarrir- on the oust slop* of Sandagar hill. 



" Tlit- r.i.-k -lit nu .1 in tl,,- ( Kftlahngh <|iuirriM fs prin- 



cipally ...IIMIIII,-.I in the Panjab ami \..rtl.\\. 

 ill-- past six yoars the average annual sales in those province* MI. 

 7",'.''.; tut.il. In I!K- Kami- |MT 



ti> tin- I !nt,.,i Provinces averaged 10.040 tons a year, or 1 1 -3 per cent., whilst M 

 much as .. 7 p<>r i-.-nt. <if the total Haled, or an annual average of 4.933 ton*. 

 reached as far as Bihar, and small cuni^niiionU of about 10 ton* a year wvra 

 .!. -li.-il i . I......T Bengal. The average annual amount <>f 580 ton* 



nti-r.-il Sinil i 7 per cent, of the sawx f..r tin- years 1897-8 to 1110:.' 



" 111" Koluit Halt is grey in colour with transparent patches. It is 

 in open quarries, ami the masses exposed may be regarded as pra<-tn-nlly 

 h. Hi-til, ], at tho present rate of output. In th<< unti-linal at IUI..I i'ir Khl. 

 uliri' :-iseento be at the base of theTTtmr> \ Ht-m. t lie beds can be traced 



i' ! 11 ili.-t.iiu of about eight miles, with an exposed thickness of 



In M null State, rook-salt in worked in open quarries near the f < 

 junction ..( tln> 'r.Tii.u-y aixl tin- nlil<>r iinfoMHilifcrous rocks at Guina and Drang. 

 The Mandi suit is of a dirty plum-colour, containing rurthy impurities u 

 bring down tho available nodic chloride to 00 or 70 per cent." 



Salt-evaporation In India. This niay be referred to two section* 

 (a) direct evaporation of sea-water ; (6) subsoil and lake brine. The 

 former is chiefly conducted at Bombay and Madras, these two presidencies 

 usually contributing between them about two-thirds of India's total salt 

 supplies. Holland (I.e. 89-91) observes: 



" Of the salt produced in Bombay, about 78 per cent, was obtained from 

 sea-water, the rest being manufactured from subsoil brine at Khara^hom ami 

 Udu on the border of the lesser Rann of Kach, and possibly derived from in- 

 filtrated sea- water. The Madras salt is practically all made from sea-water, a 

 very small quantity of spontaneous salt being collected at Pandraka in the 

 Masulipatam Sub-division. 



" The chief manufacture of salt in Burma takes place also along tho sea-coast, 

 but subsoil brine is evaporated at various places in l*pp"r Burma, notably in 

 Lower Chindwin, Sagaing, Shwebo, Myingyan, and Yumethin districts, ami in 

 smaller quantities in Minbu and Meiktila, as well as at M.r.\ hk>> > in Hsipaw State. 

 During the past six years the average annual production of this salt in Burma 

 has been 3,432 tons." 



" In Sind 88 per cent, of the salt raised during the years 1898-1903 was ob- 

 tained from sea- water, and 12 per cent, from the Saran and Dilyar deposits on 

 the edge of the great desert." 



" The second form of occurrence " (subsoil and internal lake brine) " is 

 characteristic of areas in which evaporation of rain-water is excessive compared 

 to run-off, and the salt recovered in these areas is that merely arrested on its 

 journey to the sea. where, in the same way, it is concentrated by evaporation of 

 t In- water. The most prominent of such areas is the desert-belt of Rajputana, 

 including the salt-lakes of Sambhar, Didwana, Falodi Lonkara-sur an 

 Rewassa, with a brine-impregnated subsoil along the whole valley of the Luni. 

 as well as the country to the west in Sind around the Rann of Kach and the delta 

 of the Indus. To the north of tho Rajputana country subsoil brine is raised and 

 evaporated for salt in a cluster of villages in the Sultanpur luahal, south-west 

 of Delhi. Other places occur in parts of the United Provinces and in Berar. 

 where large quantities of salt wore formerly obtained from subsoil brine in tho 

 alluvium of the Purna river. In Gwalior State salt is regularly manufactured 

 from subsoil brine, the average annual production ihiring tho years 1898 to 1903 

 having been 434 tons. In Bihar a small quantity of salt is separated in the manu- 

 facture of saltpetre." The returns for the past four years in Bengal show an 

 average of 106 tons per annum produced. 



Sambhar Lake.Y. Ashton (Agri. Ledg., 1900, No. 13), Deputy 

 Commissioner of Northern India Salt Revenue, wrote a brief u mint of 

 the salt industry of India, also a highly instructive and copiously illus- 

 trated statement of the Sambhar Lake salt and the other salt works of 



96-1 



SALT 

 CHLORIDE 



apply 



r. 



Evapora- 

 tion, 



Son -writ..-:-. 





I .. 



- !. 



Subsoil 

 and Lake. 



- . 



Sulunpur. 



O niter. 



. . .-. 



S:im><h:ir 



Salt. 



