8ANTALUM 



Ml. \M n.KKUMB A..BUM 



modal-wood 



contributed .1 further paper (Ind. For., 19O4, xxx., 645-8; 

 \\\i., 189-301), whirh supplies detail, .,( i 



of tin- ii.iti-ton.i and th.-ir |>n-fereiict*M fur certain hu*U. Ln 

 (Ind. For., 1 901'. xxviii., I ;.tma R. vxx., 24S-7. 



52, :97-402) and other ..Hirers of the Ponwt Depart im-nt have !o 

 devoted iniK-li r.uvlul .siu.lv to tho cult i vat i< 111 of MiicUl, more e*pe< 

 in relation to tli.- production of tin- maximum perrvuta 

 \\oo.l. Lushiiiu'ioii observes: "On tin- whol.- I am in. li 

 that the li.-st \\.iv of aiding the repn-lu< -tiou of sandal-wood artificially 

 is to increase the -.-mb, and this is best effected by merely keeping 

 out tin and - 1. 1 /.ing. As soon as the scrub reaches two or three feet, * 



il reproduces naturally from .seed dropped by liinln, and this may 

 perhaps 1... further assisted by dibbling." Rama Rao urges that 

 weediiiL' is dangerous, and that only surfaci- pruning \vhi-n the scrub be- *" 



too dense should be indulged in. Lushin^ton mentions 8 inche* 

 _T. >\\ t h in girth per ten years as a safe av i the exploitable age of 



tho tn-cs as forty years, the minimum si/.e hein^ then :iL' inches at 4} feet 

 from the ground. 



DISEASE OF THE SANDAL. In 1892 att. nti.-n was drawn to the ap 

 pearance of a disease among the sandal -trees which was attributed to borar 

 beetle (Lehnmnn, Ind. For., 1901, xxvii.. 97). Stabbing (Ind. For., 1003. 

 xxix., app.) furnished a useful account <>f the insect enemies of the plant. In 

 the Forest A<1 ministration Report of Coorg /or 1903 it was stated that 20,800 

 diseased trees had been uprooted. Similar reports exist regarding other di- 

 ni< is, while many writers affirm that the extermination <>f affected tree* ha* 

 not checked the spread of tho disease. Mr. McCarthy. Deputy Conservator 

 of Forests, would appear to have been the officer who first recorded the disease. 

 and who apparently gave it the name " Spike." The diseased branches Mem 

 to shoot up, forming narrow, thick, stiff leaves, reduced in sir* as the diseaso 

 advances. The disease spreads to branch after l>ranch, no flowers are formed, 

 and finally the tree dies. Both Butler and Bart>cr have examined with care 

 diseased trees, but have failed to discover a fungus or other micro-organism 

 present in or upon the diseased tissues. The roots of diseased trees have been 

 traced from the stem to their ultimate fibrils, and, long before their parasitic 

 haustoria were reached, those roots were very frequently found <lewl. Hutler 

 suggested that the disease somewhat resembled " Peach yellows," and. H. 

 upon this idea, experiments were performed to test whether it could be < 

 municated by budding. This was found impossible. It would thus seem 

 as yet no satisfactory explanation of the disease baa been ascertained, but moat 



officers appear to consider that it proceeds from imperfect nourishment due to _ 



the insufficiency or unsuitability of the associated plants upon which sanilal- 

 wood is parasitic. 



Sandal-wood Oil and Perfume. It is a somewhat surprising rir- Oil 

 cumstance to learn that in the region of greatest success in sandal-wood 

 production the manufacture of the oil has hitherto proved a failure 

 financially, and is only practised on a small scale and by a very inferior 

 process (Holmes, Pharrnocetit. .l<irn., 1886-6, 3rd ser., xvi.. Hl'.i 

 Sawer, Odorograpky, i., 315). As matters stand, the sandal-wood oil of KJUMO) to 

 India is mainly, if not entirely, prodm ed at Kanauj in Oudli. 



From official correspondence it is learned that arconlms: t> Mr. S. Ah HtiMain, 

 sandal-wood oil was formerly distilled by several firms in Lm-kn.'W and Jaunpur. 

 where the preparation of sweet-scentod essences is a recognised industry. For 

 some years past the industry in these towns has declined, and it has become 

 the practice to purchase the oil from Kanauj. The method of preparation de- 

 scribed by the Lucknow and J]aunpur men was as follow* : Two kinds of sandal- 

 wood, red and white, are known in these provinces. The former is uned medicinally 

 and in dyeing, while the latter alone is employed for the ezl -f the oiL 



Trees are found hero and there growing in the provinces, bat good wood can 

 alone be obtainc 1 from the Bahraich forests. Until the last ten years wood from 



977 



