<m an 



..* M- 

 UVO*. 



produce iu- 



<Uld 



USEFUL TANNING MATERIALS 

 tree, throughout the forest* of In.lm, Huruutand Ceylon, below 3.000 Issi 



from tin- <lr\ . ountneK of &im\ and Raj; 



'I' 1 " -valor. Tliel 



from Iniliii uiuli-r t he name beleric 



und tanning material. It has various Msoiaiit 

 .1 to it, ami tin- oil expressed from thu seeds is u>- 



iols are eaten, li token in excess, however, they nn 



ktion. 'I'hi' fruit itself is .Mt.-n \\ln-n fn-h l.y p..it.. 



monUevs. The \Viioi. iff .,f little \alin-, liut in ri: . parkintf- 



caaes, canoes, curtn ami plough nhuftN. and m tho I'nitod l'f.\ in<* fur IKJOSS* 

 l.mldiiiL-. {(.'/. -M.H.urn, Or. t .,: ><armaoog . 



in., app.. 1 run, i.e. 1 . . I'.HMJ, xx 



Hooper, in Agri. Ledg., I.e. 38.] 



T. Catappa, Linn. The Indian Almond, jangli-baddm, hindt-baddm. nat-v*lom, 

 r,,t,iin. tori, katappa, etc. A large deciduous tree of the beach forests of the 

 . \iuliunon Islands ; cultivated in most parts of India and Burma, especially near 

 the coast. 



It yields a GUM and, as with most other species of the fVr*4MM. the bark and 

 leaves are astringent and contain tannin. The kernels yield a valuable On . 

 nimilar to almond-oil in flavour, odour and specific gravity. A writer > 

 Indian Agriculturist (April 1906) estimates the yield at 10 Ib. of* dry kernels per tree, 

 and the oil by cold expression at 60 per cent, of the weight of kernels. This j 

 cally corresponds with the particulars given in the Dictionary as the expert. 

 Mr. A. T. Smith of Jessore. Both kernels and oil are used XOTICWALLY, as are 

 also the bark and young leaves. The kernels are largely eaten as dessert, and the 

 t>il-eake is considered a good FOOD for pigs. The tree is one of those on which the 

 tasar silkworm is fed. [Cf. Cameron, I.e. i:tJ :i ; Hooper, I.e. 38-9; Woo 

 Hard, in Ind., 1903, 313 ; Firming*-!-. Mnn. Card. Ind., 1904, I* 11, .'.71 ; Cunning- 

 ham, Plagues and Pleasures of Life in Bengal, 1907, 284, 302.] 



T. tomentosa, W. & A. Thesajorgag, aein,(isai\ ora*ain,pidal, haUma.atnak, 

 amari, jhan, taksor, sahdju, maru, karkaya, sadri, ain, maddi (or maUi), murada, 

 toukkyan, etc. A large deciduous tree, ticcording to Gamble " perhaps thi 

 widely distributed of all the important Indian trees." 



It yields a copious transparent GUM, which exudes in large globular tears, said 

 to be used as an incense and cosmetic, and to be eaten by the Sant als. The bark 

 is used occasionally as a DYE stuff and is MEDICINAL. Its chief use, however. 

 is as a TAN, a property investigated recently at the Imperial Institute, the report 

 of which was submitted by Dunstan to the Vii'l -r -Se ( retary "f State for : 

 on Oct. 7, 1904, and though apparently not published it may be here remarked 

 that the result of the analyses conducted hoed that the bark of this plant 

 contained a fair quantity of tannin, and the ratio of this to the total extractive 

 matter present indicated that it should be possible to prepare from it ou i 

 rich in tannin. In summing up, Dunstan states that the results indicate 

 would be quite possible to prepare from the bark extracts wh'n-h would f 

 leathers of good texture and colour. The fruit is also used in tunninp, but is very 

 inferior to either the chebulic or beleric myrobalans. The WOOD is largely 

 employed for house-building, carts, rice-pounders, ship- and boat-buil: 

 is an excellent fuel. At the Mysore gold-mines this is called " Bl.> Lac 



occasionally collected from its branches, and in some districts, such as Sinp! 

 in Chota Nagpur, the tasar silkworm is fed on the leaves. [Cf. Cameron. I.e. 

 136-8 ; Hooper, I.e. 41-2 ; Leete, in Ind. For., 1900, xxvi., 239 : Eardley- 

 Wilmot, in Ind. For., I.e. 377-8 ; For. Admin. Reptt.] 



TEHMINALIA 



CMBBULA 



Tw. 

 Food. 



Wood. 



Indian 

 Almond. 



(turn. 



. 



". .-.. 

 Pood. 



Sajor Asan. 



Cam. 



Bxtracl 



Wood. 



LM> tad TfeMr. 



T. Chebula, Retz. The Chebulic or Black Myrobalan, foimf or hdr, Chebulic. 

 hilikha, silim, karedha, halra, rola, mahoka, kadakai, karnka, fnrada, ataU, 

 panga, etc. A very variable deciduous tree, found throughout India and 

 Burma. The Flora of British India enumerates six varieties. " In high- 

 level rocky and dry places on the outer Himalaya, the hills of the D- 

 and South India, it is only quite a small tree, but in valleys and forests of 

 big trees it also grows big and gives a hard, dark-coloured timber" 

 (Gamble). 



History. The tree yields a GUM, said to be largely collTtel in Beitr and <J. 

 mixed with various other gums (Ac<t<-i<i <n-<ii>ii. iii</> (MM ///.;. ././. 



1073 



