THK Will IK I. \MM.\K TREE 



VATERIA 

 INDICA 



Vegetable Butter 



r the Panjab come the Uuitxl Province ; in 1906-7 tbeM con- v. PW. 

 signed by mil J.'.si>,862 owt., of whirl, ( \tlrutU took 1.812.W4 cw 

 come the provinces of Bind and M.ilu. In h exported during 



year in question I'.OHTi.^JI owt., almost ei -ichl Lastly, the 



Central Provinces and Berar supplied 1,683,0! 



took 494,405 cwt., Calcutta 299,686 cwt., whilr th.- United Province* drew 

 1 1*. log cwt., and Kajputana 267,333 cwt. The total receipts by rail at 

 < 'ulnitta came to 3 i it Bombay 1,749,615 cwt., quantitim that 



ullnw for a large local consumption and still leave a balance sut! 

 inert their foreign exports. The local consumpt ion of ( 'alcutta and Bombay, 

 unlike that of Karachi, is more important than the fon-iu'ii export*. 



The railborne traffic in Mom is from Cul.-utta 759,586 cwt., to Bengal 

 province and Assam ; from the Pan jab 802,423 cwt., to the Ui 

 Provinces, Bengal and Calcutta ; from the United Provinces :H 1. 1<| cwt., 

 to Bengal and Calcutta; and lastly, from Bombay (port) 292,154 cwt 

 Bombay Presidency, Mysore and the Nizam's Territory. 



Coastwise Trmttic. The traffic by this route is not as a rule very extensive. 

 For the period 1901-6 it averaged l.Mi'l.Hl-J \\t. wheat, valued at 

 IK i>4,7.\7ll. .ind 462,681 cwt. flour, valued at Rs. 32,28,418. The 

 exports are mainly from Sind to Bombay, Kach and Kathiawar ; 

 Bombay to Kathiawar and Madras ; from Bengal to Madras ; and from 

 Burma to Bombay and Madras. The corresponding trafli< in flour i- 

 largely to Burma, and from Bombay to Madras and Burma. [Cf. Twenty 

 Years' Wheat Imports, in Journ. Board Agri., 1904, xi., 534-42.] 



VATERIA INDICA, Linn. ; Fl. Br. Ind., i., 313 ; Gamble, 

 Ind. Timbs., 1902, 85-6 ; Talbot, List Trees, etc., 1902, 35 ; Cooke, Fl. 

 Pres. Bomb., 1903, i., 86-7 ; Brandis, Ind. Trees, 1906, 72-3 ; DIPTERO- 

 CARPE.B. The White Dammar of South India, Piney Varnish. Indian 

 Copal or Malabar Tallow, safed ddmar, kahntba, sandras, rdl, wllai-L 

 kam, painipishin, kungiliyam, piney ma ram, gugli, dupa maram, dhupada, 

 payani, etc. A large evergreen of the forests at the foot of the Western 

 Ghats from Kanara to Travancore, ascending to 4,000 feet, often planted 

 as an avenue tree. 



This tree yields a true RESIN of considerable value known as White Dammar 

 or Piney. It is said to occur in three forms compact piney, cellular i 

 and dark-coloured piney resin. The names sufficiently indicate their respec- 

 tive characters, which are said to be due to the mode of collection an 

 age of the tree. The resin is obtained in the usual way \>\ im-ising the trunk. 

 It is only slightly soluble in alcohol, but dissolves at once in turpentine and 

 drying oils, and, like copal, is chiefly used for making V ARM -HI -.. It has been 

 recommended for use in pharmacy in place of the officinal pint* resin. Gamble 

 states on the authority of Mr. J. H. Brougham that m rrrtam lnrulitiM 

 the resin is mixed with cocoanut oil and rolled into candles. The Natives alto 

 employ it to make imitation amber beads. The seeds contain a large qua 

 of a solid OIL known as " piney tallow," or vegetable butter of Kanara. In South 

 Kanara this is used for lamps, for flavouring food, a* a substitute or adulterant 

 for ghi, as well as for medicinal purposes. According to Huln-. it i* valued locally 

 as an application in rheumatism. It has been employed in the manufacture of 

 candles, which were at one time introduced into England. H. -j>er (Agri. Ledg., 

 1902, No. 1, 16) states that a sample of the fruit was found to contain 25 per cent. 

 Tannin. The bark is also very astringent. Bourdillon (Notts on Tree* ii Trawm- 

 core, 30-1) says_that it is used in Ceylon to keep toddy from fermenting. Hooper 



1105 70 



D.E.P., 

 vi., pt. iv., 

 222-6. 



Piney 

 Varniah. 



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