Z1NCIBER 



of Great Britain came to 444,463 ewt. in 1856, and by 1889 had 

 expanded to 36,203,099 cwt. The traffic continued to eipand, a 



stood at 66,741,300 cwt., valued at i 



dec-lined slightly, to 50,099,328 cwt., valued at 12,465,583 ; in 1904 to 

 42,897,880 -wt.. valued lit ilo.iM7.ni: , I'jo.', , -J.Mtl,.'ln -*t. 

 \alued ,it 11,034,748; and in 1906 stood at 48,686,200 cwt., valued at 

 i 1 1 ,972,694. About one-half cornea from the Argentine, a little leas from 

 tin- I 'nited. States, and the balance from Rowuania, Canada, Russia and 

 British East Indies. n, tli.- ..nln named. The Indian traffic in maiae 

 appears under th.- designation of M other sorts of grain and puUc," but as 

 tin- funi,r n exports iu these collectively are comparatively UM 

 and, moreover, fluctuate extremely, they may be disregarded. In 1904-6 

 the total exports under this heading came to 1,691,672 cwt., in 1906-6 

 t<> 1 12,042 cwt., and in 1906-7 to 21,226 cwt. The imports of maize taken 

 by Great Britain from I ndia are returned as 206,900 i U04 ; 917,700 



cwt. in I .MI:,. and 23,800 cwt. in 1906. 



The following are the average wholesale prices (minimum and maxi- 

 mum) of maize per 10 maunds in the various provinces of India for 1905 : 

 BENGAL, from Rs. 18-65 in Bhagalpur to Rs. 21O5 in Patna ; UNITED 

 PROVINCES, from Rs. 18-12 in Shahjahanpur to Rs. 26-29 in AJigarh ; 

 PANJAB, from Rs. 16-78 in Ferozpur to Rs. 21-58 in Multan. 



[Cf. Bauhin, Theat. Bot., 1658, 488-99 ; Benthmn. I!: of Targioni-Totzrlt> 

 Journ. Hort. Soc., 1855, ix., 137 ; De Candolle. Orig. Cult. //.; .'.. 1^1, 587-97 ; 

 A8a Gray. Scient. Papers, i., 1889, 313: Pharmacog. Ind.. . 579-86; 



Cent. Exper. Farm, Dept. Agri. Ottawa, Bull., 1891, No. 12 : Agri. Ledg., 1891. 

 No. 1, 2; 1895, No. 10, 155, 172; 1898, No. 8, 279; 1900, No. 22. 218; 190$. 

 No. 7, 151, 156, 192; Journ. Agri.-Hort. Soc. Ind., 1890, x., 526-32: Jour*. 

 Board Agri., 1898, v., 329-95 ; Thorpe, Diet. Appl. Chem., 1898. i.. 490 ; Wiesner, 

 Die Rohtt. dts Pflanzenr., 1900. i., 599-601 ; Blount and Bloxam. Ckem. /or 

 Engin. and Manttf., 1900, ii., 186, 216, 233 : Journ. Soc. Chem. Indutt. (many 

 articles) ; Duggar, U.S. Agri. Exper. Station Kept., Alabama, 1905. No. 134 ; 

 Schermns, Kentucky, 1905, No. 122 ; Halsted, New Jertey, 1906. No. 192 ; Lock. 

 Stud, in Plant Breeding in Tropics, in Ann. Roy. Bot. Oard. Peradeniya, 1909: 

 iii., pt. ii., 95-176.] 



ZINGIBER OFFICINALE, /,,o, Fl. Br. Ind., vL, 246; D J3 i 



Roxb., in As. Res., 1810, xi., 346 ; Semler, Trop. A.jnL. 1900, ii., 360-71 ; 

 Prain, Beng. Plants, 1903, ii., 1045 ; Sc ITAMINE^. Ginger ; plant = adrak 

 add, die, allam, khyen-seing, etc. ; and root = sonth, sindhi, adhruka, suiit, 

 zangzabU, shukku, inji, vana-sunthi, hasisunthi, chukka, incJii, ginsi-khiav, 

 gin sin, etc. It is not known in a truly wild state, but is doubtless a 

 native of tropical South-East Asia. Introduced into the \V-st Indies 

 (Jamaica), Africa the warmer parts of both worlds and now cultivated 

 in most tropical countries. 



History. Ginger is known to have been cultivated in India and China for History. 

 many centuries. Its most general Chinese name is kiang. Bretchneidf t.-lb CUM. 

 us that " Confucius was never w ith<.ut ginger when he ate." It U mentioned in 

 the Li Ki, among the articles ot food there enumerated. Turning to India. UM India. 

 word "ginger" is generally believed to come from the Sanskrit " fringavtra," 

 through the Arabic "zanzabil," and from the same source was doubt IBM derived 

 the corresponding Greek name " zingibcr." Knowledge in the tuber seem*. 

 accordingly, to have reached Europe via Africa and Arabia, and to have been 

 very ancient in India. Dioscorides describes the country 



the' distinctive features of the best kinds. Galen, Paulus ^Egineta and other 

 Greek and Roman authors give full details of the medicinal virtue* of the dniq. 

 and are followed by the Arab medicinal writers, such as Mesua, Sempioti 

 cenna, etc. Coming down to more recent times. Marco Polo (18th century) 



1139 



