34 Common Science 



Leaning Tower of Pisa is, near the bottom or near 

 the top? 



Application 8. If you had a large flower to put into a 

 vase and you did not want it to tip over easily, which of the 

 three vases shown in Figure 18 would you choose? 



Application 9. Some boys made themselves a little sail- 

 boat and went sailing in it. A storm came up. The boat 

 rocked badly and was in danger of tipping over. " Throw 

 out all the heavy things, quick ! " shouted one. " No, no, 

 don't for the life of you do it ! " called another. " Chop 

 down the mast here, give me the hatchet! " another one 

 said. " Crouch way down lie on the bottom." " No, 

 keep moving over to the side that is tipped up ! " " Hold 

 the things in the bottom of the boat still, so they'll not keep 

 rolling from side to side." " Jump out and swim ! " Every 

 one was shouting at once. Which parts of the advice should 

 you have followed if you had been on board? 



Inference Exercise 

 Explain the following : 



21. A ship when it goes to sea always carries ballast (weight) in 



its bottom. 



22. If the ship springs a leak below the water line, the water 



rushes in. 



23. The ship's pumps suck the water up out of the bottom of the 



ship. 



24. The water pours back into the sea from the mouths of the 



pumps. 



25. As the sailors move back and forth on the ship during a storm, 



they walk with their legs spread far apart. 



26. Although the ship tips far from side to side, it rights 



itself. 



27. However far the ship tips, the surface of the water in the 



bottom stays almost horizontal. 



28. While the ship is in danger, the people put on life preservers, 



which are filled with cork. 



