[62 MANUAL OF MODERN FARRIERY 



the external form of the animal, which will convey a 

 more correct idea of the situation of the different 

 bones as embodied in the muscles ; and by compar- 

 ing this view of the skeleton with our representation 

 of the perfect horse in Plate i, the reader will have 

 little difficulty in ascertaining the position which 

 the various bones occupy under the superincumbent 

 muscles. 



FIG. 1,1. The seven cervical vertebrae, or bones of the neck. 



2. The sternum, fore part of the chest, or breast-bone. 



3. The scapula, or shoulder-blade. 



4. The humerus, or bone of the arm. 



5. The radius, or bone of the fore-arm. 



6. The ulna, or elbow. 



7. The cartilages of the ribs. 



8. 8, 8. The costae or ribs, eight of which unite with, or are 



articulated to the sternum these are called the 

 true ribs; and ten are united together by cartilages, 

 and are called the false ribs. 



9. The carpus, or knee, consisting of seven bones. 



10. 10. The metacarpal, or shank-bones : the larger meta- 



carpal, or cannon, or shank-bone, in front, and the 

 smaller metacarpal, or splint-bone, behind. 



11. The upper pastern. 



12. The lower pastern. 



13. The coffin-bone. 



14. 14. The eighteen dorsal vertebrae, or bones of the back. 



15. The six lumbar vertebrae, or bones of the loins. 



1 6. 1 6. The haunch, consisting of the ilium, the ischium, and 



the pubis. 



17. 17. The femur, or thigh-bone. 



18. 18. The stifle-joint, with the patella, or knee-cap. 



19. 19. The tibia, or proper leg-bone. 



20. The fibula. 



21. 21. The tarsus, or hock, composed of six bones. The 



prominent part behind is the os calcis, or point of 

 the hock. 



