1 88 MANUAL OF MODERN FARRIERY 



distinct bones or teeth. The white spaces in the 

 figure represent a very powerful cement, which 

 unites all these distinct bones into one compact 

 body, thus making one tooth of the five as they 

 originally appeared to be ; this being accomplished, 

 an outer coating of enamel invests the whole of the 

 sides, but not the top, which completes the tooth. 

 It will thus be manifest that this is a beautiful and 

 perfect contrivance to prevent the wearing down of 

 the grinders by the constant friction to which they 

 are subjected by chewing the harder portions of 

 their food. Thus it will be seen there are columns of 

 enamel penetrating through the entire substance of 

 the tooth ; this, together with the bony matter and 

 cement by which the different layers are united, 

 and which fill the spaces between the columns, soon 

 begin to wear away, while the enamel remains, 

 thus occasioning the uneven surface presented by 

 them, and which is the very best structure for 

 them to possess in order to grind down the food. 



The grinders in the lower jaw are smaller and 

 narrower, and more regular in their form than the 

 upper ones. They are placed horizontally in both 

 jaws ; but in the lower one the higher side is 

 within, and gradually shelving outwards, while in 

 the upper jaw the higher side is without, and 

 shelving inwards ; by which beautiful arrangement 

 the triturating or grinding motion is most advan- 

 tageously performed. Each of the grinders is 

 different in appearance, and can be respectively 

 recognised with the situation of, and the jaws to 

 which they belonged. 



When the foal is born, it has the first and 

 second temporary molars, which are large compared 

 with the size of those by which they are afterwards 



