FOUNDATIONS 319 



engaged in manufacture. Under such conditions it is unde- 

 sirable to tear out the wall and build a party wall. 



With buildings of ordinary height and load, provided the 

 basement floor of the new building does not extend below 

 that of the old, few difficulties are encountered in the design 

 of the foundations for the new structure; but if the new 

 building is to be many stories in height and requires exten- 

 sive foundations along the wall lines, the problem of the 

 design of the reinforced-concrete foundations becomes more 

 complicated, because it is desirable to proportion the footings 

 so that the center of action of the loads will coincide with the 

 center of action from the pressure of the soil beneath. In 

 order to accomplish this desired result in a steel structure, 

 a cantilever-girder system of foundation construction would 

 be employed, and a similar system can be constructed in 

 reinforced concrete. 



In Fig. 1 is shown the detail drawings of a reinforced- 

 concrete cantilever-foundation construction for a six-story 

 building, the floors of which are designed for light manu- 

 facturing purposes. In view (a) is shown a diagrammatic 

 cross-section of the building, which illustrates the conditions 

 of loading and the spans of the cantilever and other girders. 

 The live load to be supported by the floor construction and 

 the cantilever girder is 220 Ib. per sq. ft., and the soil beneath 

 the footings is capable of supporting safely 6,000 Ib. per sq. ft. 



The details of the construction and the reinforcement 

 are shown in view (6). The footing is reinforced against 

 failure from transverse stress by bars a, placed near the 

 bottom of the footing, and further by a mattress of rods or 

 bars placed directly beneath the bearing of the foundation 

 wall column, as at b. The column, or wall pier, c is rein- 

 forced with vertical reinforcing bars, which are tied at close 

 intervals with wire or loop ties d. Particular attention is 

 called to the -manner in which the outside rods of the founda- 

 tion pier or column run straight through and up into the 

 column above, being continued as the inside rods of the 

 upper tiers. The outside rods of the first-floor wall column 

 are bent so as to pass obliquely through the cantilever 

 bracket of the foundation pier or column and the flare at the 



