BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY. 



Bending Factors. To aid in the selection of columns 

 subjected to direct loads and also to bending, produced by 

 eccentric loads or by other means, bending factors are given, 

 which furnish a convenient and practical method of converting 

 the bending moment into an equivalent direct central load. 



P centrally applied load, in Ibs. 



P" -eccentric load, in Ibs. 



m bending moment, in inch Ibs., produced by P". 



P'" an equivalent central load, in Ibs., producing the 



same maximum stress as bending moment. 

 P total equivalent load on column, in Ibs. 

 f fiber stress, Ibs. per sq. in., due to bending. 

 S section modulus about axis of bending. 

 A area of section, square inches, 

 k bending factor A -s- S. 



m P"' 



Then, f -g- and, by assumption, T f. 



A mk P'" 



But as k -g then f - ^ and P'" mk. 



Therefore, P - P' + P" + P'" - F + P" + mk. 



Hence, if the bending moment, in inch Ibs., is multiplied 

 by the bending factor, k, the product is an equivalent central 

 load on the column producing the same compressive stress as 

 the bending moment. 



Material. All Bethlehem Structural Shapes are of open 

 hearth steel exclusively, conforming to Manufacturers' 

 Standard specifications; and also to American Railway Engi- 

 neering and Maintenance of Way Association specifications. 

 Material complying with any other standard specifications 

 may be furnished by special arrangement. 



GENERAL CONDITIONS. 



Shapes will be cut to ordered length within an allowable 

 variation either way, as follows: Bethlehem I Beams 8" to 

 24", inclusive, within % inch; all other sections, within J^ 

 inch. For cutting with less variation, or to exact length, an 

 extra price is charged. 



Sections are furnished only at catalogue weight. Shapes 

 may have an allowable variation of 2H per cent from nomi- 

 nal section. 



