they have spores, which are usually simple cells, 

 from which the new plant grows. 



THE FRUIT. The ripened ovary, with its contents, 

 becomes the Fruit. When the tube of the calyx ad- 

 heres to the ovary, it also becomes a part of the 

 fruit; sometimes it even forms the principal bulk of 

 it, as in the apple and pear. 



THE SEED. The ovules, when they have an em- 

 bryo (or undeveloped plantlet) formed in them, be- 

 come seeds. 



The Pepo, or Gourd-Fruit, is a sort of berry which 

 belongs to the Gourd family, mostly with a hard 

 rind and the inner portion softer. The pumkin, 

 squash, cucumber, and melon are the principal 

 examples. 



The Pome is the name applied to the apple, pear 

 and quince; fleshy fruits like a berry, but the prin- 

 cipal thickness is calyx, only the papery pods ar- 

 ranged like a star in the core really belongs to the 

 pistil itself. 



The Tuber is a thickened portion of a rootstock. 



The Rootstock, or Rhizoma, in its simplest form, is 

 merely a creeping stem or branch growing beneath 

 the surface of the soil, or partly covered by it. 



THE FORMS OF STEMS AND BRANCHES ABOVE 

 GROUND. The stem is accordingly 



Herbaceous, when it dies down to the ground every 

 year, or after blossoming. 



Suffrute scent, when the bottom of the stem above 

 the soil is a little woody, and inclined to live from 

 year to year. 



Suffrutiscose , when low stems are decidedly woody 

 below, but herbaceous above. 



Fruticose, or shrubby, when woody, living from year 

 to year, and of considerable size not, however, 

 more than three or four times the height of a man. 



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