639; accidents which led to the 

 naming of America, 676 681. 



Anghiera, correspondence and writings 

 of, 422, 635, 636, 646, 660, 663 

 665, 678. 



Anglo-Saxon poem, on the names of 

 the Runes, 401. 



Animal Epos (the German), its genuine 

 delight in nature, 401, 402. 



Antar, early Bedouin poem, 415, 416. 



Antoninus, Marcus Aurelius, his em- 

 bassy to China, 554. 



Apollouins Myndius, on comets, 533. 



Apollonius, of Perga, 546, 696 ; simi- 

 larity of his ' System of the World' 

 to that of Tycho Brahe, 693, 694. 



Appianus, of Cilicia, poem on fishes, 

 563. 



Apuleius, his conjectures on fossils, 

 557, 563. 



Aquinas (St. Thomas), 618, 619. 



Arahian Gulf, its geognostic pheno- 

 mena, 484, 485. 



Arabs, their poetry, in relation to 

 nature, 415; its characteristics, 416; 

 influence of their invasions on the 

 advancement of the physical and 

 mathematical sciences, *569 600, 

 615 618; their incursions, com- 

 merce, &c., 572, 573; configuration 

 of Arabia and its natural productions, 

 573 575; their nomadic life as 

 compared with that of the Scythians, 

 577, 578; intercourse with the Nes- 

 torians, 578, 579; their knowledge 

 of botany and the science of medi- 

 cine, 580 581 ; scientific qualifi- 

 cations, 583, 584 ; their geographers, 

 584 586; repugnance to anatomy, 

 586; valuable translations from 

 Greek, Syriac, Indian, &c., 586, 

 688 ; their botanists and school of 

 medicine, 587 ; chemistry and phar- 

 macy, 589 591 ; astronomy, 592 

 596,'t)65 ; algebra, 596 599 ; general 

 results of their scientific researches, 

 600. 



Arago, on the magnifying power of 

 Galileo's telescope, 683; true method 

 of writing the history of science, 

 702 ; treatise on changing or periodic 

 stars, 713; discovery of coloured 

 polarisation, 715, 716. 



Archimedes, 546, 557 ; his ' Catoptrica ' 

 562. 



Argonautic expedition to Colchis, elu. 

 cidation of the myth, 508. 



Aristarchus, of Samos, his correct 

 knowledge of the Earth's structure, 

 469; of astronomy, 644, 645; ac- 

 quaintance of Copernicus with his 



* writings, 691 694. 



Aristobulus, 520, 523. 



Aristotle, noble passage on the effect of 

 natural scenery, 381 ; on Empedo- 

 cles, 383; on Ramses the Great, 488; 

 his idea of the proximity of India to 

 the Pillars of Hercules," 51 6; on the 

 advantages of political unity, 518, 

 519; his doctrines and expositions, 

 525 ; Dante on, 525 ; his ' Historia 

 Animalium ' and ' Meteorologica,' 

 526528, 560, 565; his zoological 

 specimens and collection of books, 

 528; anatomical dissection, 528, 

 529; his school and leading fol- 

 lowers, 529, 530; important results 

 of his teaching, 541, 643; on the 

 weight of the atmosphere, 562; Ara- 

 bic translations of, 586; letter of 

 the Emperor Frederick II. on, 586, 

 587 ; influence of his philosophy in 

 the middle ages, 616, 617; imperfect 

 ideas on attraction, 690; inventor 

 of retrograde spheres, 697. 



Aryabhatta, Indian mathematician, 

 555. 



Arystillus, early Alexandrian astrono- 

 mer, 544, 645. 



Astrolabes, use of, in navigation, 630 

 638. 



Astronomy, knowledge of, by the Chal- 

 deans, 532534; Greeks, 532, 533, 

 543_546 ; Arabs, 592595 ; obser- 

 vations by the discoverers of Ame- 

 rica, 664 673; application of, to 

 navigation, 630638, 669674 ; 

 brilliant progress from the discovery 

 of the telescope, 681687. 



Augustus, his collection of fossils, 563. 



Ausonius, descriptions of nature, in his 

 poem ' Mosella,' 388. 



Australia, discovery of, 649, 650. 



Avicenna, Zoological History of, 587; 

 work on Materia Medica, 688. 



Avienus Festus, writings of, 497. 



Bacon, Lord, ' InstauratioMagna/ 698; 

 conjectures on atmospheric currents, 

 723. 



