[ 15 J 



writings, 388; acquaintance with the 

 irU'ssmu of the shores of the Baltic, 

 ID 1 ; discrimination of humanv races, 

 688. 



Tasso, his ' Jerusalem Liberated,' 42 4 ; 

 stanza on the discovery of America, 

 613. 



'lYiimJle, volcano of, 498. 



Telescope, results of its invention, 681 

 683, 739, 740; date of its accidental 

 discovery discussed, 699 701. 



Theocritus', his idyls, 378. 



Theophrastes, 550, 563. 



Thermometers, invention of, 721 723. 



Thomson, his ' Seasons,' 430. 



Tibullus, his ' Lustration of the Fields,' 

 386, 387. 



Tieck, Ludwig, quotation from, on 

 Calderon, 429; on Shakspeare, 430. 



Timochares, early Alexandrian astro- 

 nomer, 544, 545. 



Tin, early commerce for, 492, 493. 



Titian, landscapes in his pictures, 446. 



Toledo, astronomical congress of, 595. 



Torricelli, his invention of the baro- 

 meter, 722. 



Toscanelli, letters of, 621, 626; sea- 

 chart, 637, 638; scientific acquire- 

 ments, 644. 



Travels and travellers of the middle 

 ages, 434, 435, 624628, 634, 635 ; 

 character of their narratives com- 

 pared with those of modern times, 

 435, 436. 



Tropics, luxuriant beauty of the land- 

 scapes, 455 ; cultivation of exotic 

 plants, 458 465 ; paintings of tropi- 

 cal scenery, 449451; why more 

 accurate and beautiful paintings 

 may be anticipated, 458; associations 

 connected with descriptions of tropi- 

 cal scenery, 458. 



Troy, data of its destruction, 476. 



Tscheu-kung, early measurement of the 

 length of the solstitial shadow, 475. 



Tsing-wang (Chinese Emperor), use of 

 the compass and ' magnetic cars,' 

 559, 628. 



Tuscaroras, on the language and des- 

 cent of, 609. 



Tycho Brahe, 469, 694, 697; his as- 

 tronomical discovery of the ' varia- 

 tion,' 594, 



Tyre, Tyrians. See Phoenicians. 



Ukert, on the amber trade of the an- 

 cients, 493. 



Ulugh Beig, observatory and gymna- 

 sium founded by, 595. 



Vedas, Indian hymns, in praise of na- 

 ture, 404. 



Vegetation of the cold and tropical 

 zones, 455, 456. 



Venus, discovery of its crescent shape, 

 708, 709. 



Vespucci, Amerigo, 612, 660, 664,667, 

 671, 672; peculiar charm lent to 

 his delineations of nature, 420 ; ex- 

 amination of the accidental causes 

 which led to the naming of the New 

 World, 676681. 



Vidal, Capt., height of the Peak of 

 Tenerifte, 498. 



Vincentius of Beauvais, 602,615; his 

 ' Mirror of Nature,' 620, 629. 



Vinci, Leonardo da, landscape in his 

 picture of Mona Lisa, 446; attain- 

 ments in physical science, 661 ; on 

 the ash-coloured light of the moon, 

 702; geognostic conjectures, 732. 



Vinland, early American settlement of 

 the Northmen, 603 605, 612. 



Virgil, beauty of his descriptions of 

 nature, 385. 



Vitruvius, 443, 456, 457, 632. 



Voltaic pile, its discovery compared 

 with that of the telescope, 741. 



Voltaire, on the 'Araticana,' of Er- 

 cilla, 427, 428. 



Vossius, Isaac, researches on light, 

 716, 717. 



Waagen, Professor, notes on early 



paintings, 444, 446. 

 Warahamihara, Indian mathematician, 



555. 

 Wellsted, first reported the existence 



of three mountain chains in Arabia, 



575. 

 Weilauff, on the amber trade, 493, 



494. 



Xenophanes, his geognostic conjee- 

 tures, 557 



