CLIMATOLOGY. 329 



to 70, as at Bordeaux, whilst not only there, but also further 

 to the south, as at Kislar on the mouth of the Terek, (in the 

 latitude of Avignon and Rimini) the thermometer sinks in the 

 winter to - 13 or - 22. 



Ireland, Guernsey, and Jersey, the Peninsula of Brittany, 

 the coasts of Normandy, and of the south of England, present, 

 by the mildness of their winters, and by the low temperature and 

 clouded sky of their summers, the most striking contrast to the 

 continental climate of the interior of Eastern Europe. In the 

 north-east of Ireland (54 56'), lying under the same parallel 

 of latitude as Konigsberg in Prussia, the myrtle blooms as 

 luxuriantly as in Portugal. The mean temperature of the 

 month of August, which in Hungary rises to 70, scarcely 

 reaches 61 at Dublin, which is situated on the same isother- 

 mal line of 49 ; the mean winter temperature, which falls to 

 about 28 at Pesth, is 40 at Dublin, (whose mean annual 

 temperature is not more than 49); 3'6 higher than that of 

 Milan, Pavia, Padua, and the whole of Lombardy, where the 

 mean annual temperature is upwards of 55. At Stromness, 

 in the Orkneys, scarcely half a degree further south than 

 Stockholm, the winter temperature is 39, and consequently 

 higher than that of Paris, and nearly as high as that of Lon- 

 don. Even in the Faroe Islands, at 62 latitude, the inland 

 waters never freeze, owing to the favouring influence of the 

 west winds and of the sea. On the charming coasts of Devon- 

 shire, near Salcombe Bay, which has been termed, on account 

 of the mildness of its climate, the Montpellier of the North, 

 the Agave mexicana has been seen to blossom in the open air, 

 whilst orange-trees trained against espaliers and only slightly 

 protected by matting, are found to bear fruit. There, as well 

 as at Penzance and Gosport, and at Cherbourg on the coast 

 of Normandy, the mean winter temperature exceeds 42, fall- 

 ing short by only 2'4 of the mean winter temperature of 

 Montpellier and Florence.* These observations will suffice 



* Humboldt, Sur les Lignes isotliermes, in the Memoires de Phy- 

 sique et de Chimie de la SocietS d'Arcueil, t. iii., Paris, 1817, pp. 143- 

 165; Knight, in the Transactions of the Horticultural Society of 

 London, vol. i. p. 32 ; Watson, Remarks on the Geographical Distribu- 

 tion of British Plants, 1835, p. 60; Trevelyan, in Jamieson's Edin- 

 burgh New Phil. Journal, No. 18, p. 154 ; Mahlmann, in his admirable 

 German translation of my Asie centrale, th. ii. s. 60 



