10 COSMOS. 



homogeneous particles of which matter is composed. The 

 world-arranging Intelligence (vovs~) controls the continuously 

 progressing formation of the world, and is the primary source 

 of all motion, and therefore of all physical phenomena. Anaxr 

 agoras explains the apparent movement of the heavenly bodies 

 from east to west by the assumption of a centrifugal force, 12 

 on the intermission of which, as we have already observed, 

 the fall of meteoric stones ensues. This hypothesis indicates 

 the origin of those theories of rotatory motion which more 

 than two thousand years afterwards attained consider- 

 able cosmical importance from the labours of Descartes, 

 Huygens, and Hooke. It would be foreign to the present 

 work, to discuss whether the world-arranging Intelligence of 

 the philosopher of Clazomense indicates 13 the godhead itself, or 

 the mere pantheistic notion of a spiritual principle animating 

 all nature. 



In striking contrast with these two divisions of the Ionic 

 school, is the mathematical symbolism of the Pythagoreans, 

 which in like manner embraced the whole universe. Here, 

 in the world of physical phenomena cognizable by the senses, 

 the attention is solely directed to that which is normal in 

 configuration (the five elementary forms), to the ideas of 



12 Cosmos, vol. i. pp. 122, 123, (note), and vol. ii. p. 690 

 (and note). Simplicius, in a remarkable passage, p. 491, 

 most distinctly contrasts the centripetal with the centrifugal 

 force. He there says, " the heavenly bodies do not fall in 

 consequence of the centrifugal force being superior to the 

 inherent falling force of bodies and to their downward ten- 

 dency." Hence, Plutarch in his work, De facie in orbe Lunce, 

 p. 923, compares the moon, in consequence of its not falling 

 to the earth, to " a stone in a sling." For the actual signifi- 

 cation of the 7repLx^pw LS of Anaxagoras, compare Schaubach in 

 tAnaxag. Clazom. Fragm. 1827, pp. 107-109. 



13 Schaubach, Op. cit. pp. 151-156, and 185-189. Plants 

 are likewise said to be animated by the intelligence, vovs ; 

 Aristot. de Plant, i. p. 815, Bekk. 



