ANCHOR 



159 



The different parts of tho anchor being made, the arms aro united to the end of the 

 shank. This must bo done with, groat care, as tho goodness of tho anchor depends 

 entirely upon this process being effectively performed, Tho arms bciug -welded on, 



51 



the ring has to be formed and welded. The ring consists of several bars welded 

 together, drawn out into a round rod, passed through a hole in the shank, bent into a 

 circle, and the ends welded together. When all the parts are adjusted, the whole 

 anchor is brought to a red heat, and hammered with lighter hammers than those used 

 for welding, the object being to give a finish and evenness to tho surface. 



The toughest iron which can bo procured should be used in the manufacture of an 

 anchor, upon the strength of which both tho security of valuable lives and much 

 property depends. 



The manufacture of anchors requires great knowledge 

 of the structure of iron, and skill in the art of working 5 



it. The various parts of an anchor are thus named : 

 In fig. 52, A is the sJiank ; B, the arm or fluke ; c, tho 7 

 palm ; D, tho blade ; E, tho square ; F, the nut ; G, the 

 ring; H, the crown, tho proportional weights of the 

 several parts being as follows : 



The shank 

 Each arm 

 Two palms 

 Stock 

 Shackle . 



of tho whole. 



th 



The bars and half the 



Tho drawings on next page (fiff. 53) show an anchor 

 on tho old plan and the dissected parts of which it is 

 composed ; and (fiff. 54), tho patent anchor as invented 

 by Mr. Pcrring, with its several parts dissected as before. 



Perring's improved anchor was a very ingenious one. 

 breadth of tho anchor are first welded separately, and then placed side by side, when 

 the upper half is worked into one mass, while the lower part is left disunited, but it 

 has carrier iron bars, or porters, as the prolongation rods (3, 3, fiff. 53), aro com- 

 monly called, welded to the extremity of each portion. The lower part is now heated 

 and placed in the clamping machine, which is merely an iron plate firmly bolted to a 

 mass of timber, and bearing upon its surface four iron pins. One end of the crown is 

 placed between tho first of these pins, and passed under an iron strap ; the other end 

 is brought between the other pins, and is bent by the leverage power of the elongated 

 rods or porters. 



Thus a part of the arm being formed out of the crown gives much greater security, 

 when a true union of fibres is effected, than when the junction was made merely by a 

 short scarf. 



Tho angular opening upon the side opposite is filled with the chock, formed of short 

 iron bars placed upright. When this has been firmly welded, tho truss-piece is 

 brought over it. This piece is made of plates similar to tho above, except that their 



