ANCHOR 



161 



raised to a certain height, between parallel uprights, as in the pile-engine or vortical 

 ram, and let fall upon the metal previously brought to a -welding heat. 



The end of the shank is squared to receive and hold the stock steadily and keep it 

 from turning. To prevent it shifting along, there are two knobs or tenon-like pro- 

 jections. The point of the angle H, between the arms and the shank, is sometimes 

 called the throat. The arm, B c, generally makes an angle of 56 with the shank A ; 

 it is either round or polygonal, and about half the length of the shank. 



The stock of the anchor (fig. 50) is made of oak. It consists of two beams which 

 embrace the square, and are firmly united by iron bolts and hoops, as shown in the 

 figure. The stock is usually somewhat longer than the shank, has in the middle a 

 thickness about one-twelfth of its length, but tapers at its under-side to nearly one- 

 half this thickness at the extremities. 



An ingenious fbrm j of anchor was made the subject of a patent, by Lieutenant 

 Rodger, of the Royal Navy, in 1828, and was afterwards modified by him in a second 

 patent, obtained in August, 1829. The whole of the parts of the anchor are to be 

 bound together by means of iron bands or hoops, in place of bolts or pins. 



Fig. 55 is a side view of a complete anchor, formed upon his improved construc- 

 tion, and fig. 56 a plan of the same ; fig. 67, an end view of the crown and flukes, 

 or arms ; fig. 56 represents the two prin- 

 cipal iron plates, a , of which the shank 

 is constructed, but so as to form parts of 

 the stump-arms to which the flukes are 

 to be connected. 



The crown-piece is to be welded to 

 the stump-piece, c c, Jig. 58, as well as to 

 the end, I, of the centre-piece, h A, and 

 the scarfs, m m, are to be cut to receive 

 the arms or flukes. Previously, however, 

 to uniting the arms or flukes to the 

 stump-arms, the crown and throat of the 

 anchor are to bo strengthened by the 

 application of the crown slabs, n, fig. 

 58, which are to be welded upon each 

 side of the crown, overlapping the end of 

 the pillar, A, and the throat or knees of 

 the stump-arms and the crown-piece. The 

 stump-arms are then to be strengthened 

 in a similar manner, by the thin flat 

 pieces, p p, which are to be welded upon 

 each side. The palms are united to the 

 flukes in the usual way, and the flukes 

 are also united to the stump-arms by 

 means of the long scarfs, m m. When 

 the shank of the anchor has been thus 

 formed, and united with the flukes, the 

 anchor-smith's work may be said to be 

 complete. 



Another of the improvements in the 

 construction of anchors, claimed under 



this patent, consists in a new method of affixing the stock upon the shank of the 

 anchor, which is effected in the following manner : infig. 55 the stock is shown affixed 

 to the anchor ; in fig. 58 it is shown detached. It may be made either of one or two 

 pieces of timber, as shall be found most convenient. It is, however, to be observed 

 that the stock is to bo completed before fitting on to the shank. After the stock is 

 shaped, a hole is to be made through the middle of it, to fit that part of the shank to 

 which it is to be affixed. Two stock plates are then to be let in, one on each side of 

 the stock, and made fast by counter-sunk nails and straps, or hoops ; otner straps or 

 hoops of iron are also to be placed round the stock, as usual. 



In place of nuts, formed upon the shank of the anchor, it is proposed to secure the 

 stock by means of a hoop and a key, shown above and below s, in fig. 56. By this 

 contrivance the stock is prevented from going nearer to the crown of the anchor than 

 it ought to do, and the key prevents it from sliding towards the shackle. 



Since fitting the stock to the shank of an anchor by this method prevents the use 

 of a ring, as in the ordinary manner, the patentee says that ho in all cases substitutes a 

 shackle for the ring, and which is all that is required for a chain cable ; but when a 

 hempen cable is to be used, he connects a ring to the usual shackle, by means of a, 

 joining shackle, as infys, 55 and. 56, The stock is shown in fig. 6,9. 



Yoi. I, Jkt 



