ANEMOMETER 



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ANCHOVY. (Ancfiois, Fr. ; Acciughc, It. ; Anschove, Ger.) The Clupea 

 encrasicolus of Linnaeus (Engraulis encrastcolus), a small fish, common in the Medi- 

 terranean Sea. Anchovies are preserved as a delicacy, and used in the manufacture of 

 anchovy sauce. The Gorgona anchovy is considered the best. They are abundant 

 off the coasts of Cornwall and Wales, but the fishery is entirely neglected. See 

 SABDINES. 



ANCHTTSXC ACID or ANCHTJSIN. The colouring principle of the Alkanet 

 root (Anchusa tinctoria). See ALKANET. 



ANDAQUIES WAX. A wax produced by a species of bee found on the banks 

 of the Amazon and Orinoco rivers. It is used as a substitute for ordinary bees'-wax in 

 the manufacture of candles. 



ANDIRONS, or HAND-IRONS, also called Firedogs. Before the introduc- 

 tion of raised and close fireplaces, these articles were in general use. Strutt, in 1775, 

 says, 'These awndirons are used at this day, and are called " cob-irons ; " they stand 

 on the hearth, where they burn wood, to lay it upon ; their fronts are usually carved, 

 with a round knob at the top ; some of them aro kept polished and bright: anciently 

 many <f them were embellished with a variety of ornaments.' 



ANEMOMETER. (&vffios wind ; nerpfta to measure). An instrument or 

 machine to measure the wind, its direction and force. Three descriptions of anemo- 

 meters are now usually employed 1, Dr. WhewelTs ; 2, Mr. Follett Osier's; 3, 

 Dr. Robinson's. This is not the place to describe either of those most ingenious 

 instruments, a full account of which will be found in the ' Transactions of the British 

 Association' and of the ' Eoyal Irish Academy.' It is also an instrument designed for 

 measuring the force and velocity of currents of air in mines ; and our description of 

 those instruments will bo confined to such as are so employed. 



It has not been unusual to determine the rate at which the air travels in the gallery 

 or in the shaft of a mine, by the smoke of gunpowder, or by floating light bodies, such as 

 thistle-down, in the air. There is, however, but little accuracy in those methods. The 

 primitive mode of ascertaining the velocity of currents of air in mines was that of 

 choosing a part of the gallery forming the air-way, having as uniform sectional 



Rodger's anchors. 



