ANTHRACITE 



193 



Anthracite is not an original variety of coal, but a modification of the same beds 

 which remain bituminous in other parts of the region. Anthracite beds, therefore, 

 are not separate deposits in another sea, nor coal-measures in another area, nor inter- 

 polations among bituminous coals ; but the bituminous beds themselves, altered into 

 a natural coke, from which the volatile bituminous oils and gases have been driven 

 off. J. P. Lesley, oil Coal. 



Anthracite now exclusively used for iron-making, steam-engines, and for domestic 

 purposes in the United States was some 50 years since regarded as incombustible 

 refiiBo, and thrown away. 



Principal Localities of Anthracite and Anthracitic Coal, $c. 



Specific Weight of a 



EUROPE. Gravity. Cubic Yard in Ibs. 



South Wales : Swansea 1-263 . . . 2131 



Cyfarthfa .... 1'337 . . . 22.16 



Yniscedwin .... 1'354 . . . 2284 



Average .... 1*445 . . . 2278 



Ireland, mean . , 1-445 . . . 2376 



Trance, Allier 1-380 . . . 2207 



Tantal 1-390 . . . 2283 



Brassac 1-430 . . . 2413 



Belgium : Mons ...... 1-307 . . . 2105 



Westphalia 1-305 . . . 2278 



Prussian Saxony 1-466 . . . 2474 



Saxony ........ 1-300 . . . 2193 



Average of Europe ......... 2281 



AMERICA. 



Pennsylvania : Lykens Valley . . . 1-327 . . . 2240 



Lebanon co., grey vein . . 1-379 . . . 2327 



Schuylkill co., Lorberry Creek . 1-472 . . . 2484 



Pottsville, Sharp Mountain . 1-412 . . . 2382 



Peach . . * 1-446 . . . 2440 



Salem Vein . . 1'574 . . . 2649 



Tamaqua, north vein . , 1-600 . . . 2700 



Manch Chunk . . . 1-550 . . . 2615 



Nesquehoning .... T558 . . . 2646 



Wilkesbarro, best . . . 1-472 . . . 2884 



WestMahoney . . . 1-371 . . . 2313 



Beaver Meadow . . . 1'600 . . . 2700 



Girardville .... 1'600 . . . 2700 



Hazelton 1-550 . . . 2615 



Broad Mountain . . . 1'700 . . . 2869 



Lackawanna .... 1'609 . . . 2715 



Massachusetts : Mansfield .... 1710 . . ; 2882 



Khode Island : Portsmouth . . . . 1-810 . . . 3054 



Average in United States 2601 



The calorific value of anthracite coal is well shown by the following results from 



Dr. Fyfe's experiments to compare Scotch and English bituminous coals with anthracite, 



in regard to their evaporative power, in a high-pressure boiler of a 4-horso engine 

 having a grate with 8'15 square feet of surface ; also in a waggon-shaped copper 

 boiler, open to the air, surface 18 feet, grate 1-65. 



