200 ANVIL 



It chief employment is in making the alloys called typo motal, stereotype metal, 

 music plntes, and Britannia motal ; the first consisting of 6 of lead and 2 of antimony ; 

 the second of 6 of lead and 1 of antimony ; tho third of lead, tin, and antimony ; and 

 the fourth also of lead, tin, and antimony, with occasionally a littlo copper, bismuth, 

 and nickel. Antimony is much used in alloys with tin, tin and lead, and in some cases 

 copper, in various proportions, for machinery bearings, instead of gun-metal. In 

 cases of rapid and continuous revolution, as the shafts of screw-steamers, these aro 

 found much, better than gun-metal. It is also used by the Ordnance in hardening 

 bullets and shot. Watts's Dictionary/ of Chemistry. 



Melted with tin, antimony has of late been used as an antifriction alloy for railway 

 axles, and other bearings ; in metallic rings, or collars, for machinery. As this alloy 

 is not so much heated by friction as tho harder metals, less grease is consumed. See 

 ALLOYS ; ANTIFRICTION METAL. 



The shipments of Antimony Ore and Eegulus from Victoria have been as follows : 



1866 ..... 630 tons valued at 3,582 



1867 . . . . . 518 o,106 



1868 ..... 649 8,810 



1869 . .... 593 11,258 



1870 ..... 3,118 32,870 



1871 . . . No returns given 



From Borneo the shipments were : In 



1866 ..... 316 tons valued at 3,859 



1867 ..... 336 3,449 



1868 ..... 1,154 15,409 



1869 . . . . . 1,072 15,080 



1870 ..... 3,578 26,888 



1871 . . . . . Included in ' Ores uncnumerated.' 



CHLORIDES OP. Two chlorides are known the tercJiloride, 

 or antimonious chloride (Sb Cl 3 ), and the pentachloridc, or antimonic chloride (Sb CP). 

 Tho former, known to tho older chemists as butter of antimony, may be prepared by 

 distilling metallic antimony with corrosive sublimate, or by acting on tho tersulphido 

 of antimony with hydrochloric acid, and distilling tho product. The pentachloride is 

 obtained by passing chlorine over metallic antimony, and separating the mixed 

 chlorides by distillation. Tho old Powder of Algaroth was an oxychlorido of 

 antimony. 



ANTIMONY, CROCUS OP. An impure sulphide of antimony and sodium, 

 forming the scoria which is produced in smelting antimony by heating the roasted 

 sulphide with charcoal and carbonate of soda. 



ANTIMONY GLANCE. Native tersulphide of antimony, tho principal ore of 

 this metal. See ANTIMONY. 



ANTITVIONY, GLASS OP. This substance, according to M. Soubeiran, con- 

 tained: Teroxido of antimony, 91 '5; silica, 4*5; peroxide of iron, 3'2; sulphuret 

 of antimony, 1*9. = 101*1. 



ANTI1VIONY VERIVTII.ION. A red pigment consisting of artificial ter- 

 sulphide of antimony, formed by pouring a solution of chloride of antimony in hydro- 

 chloric acid into a dilute solution of hyposulphite of limo in excess ; when the liquid 

 is heated, a yellow precipitate falls, and this gradually assumes an orange-red 

 colour. 



ANTISEPTICS. (From avrl against; ffTjjrrta putrid.) Substances which 

 prevent tho spontaneous decomposition of animal and vegetable substances. These 

 aro chiefly the mineral acids, charcoal, chloride of lime, chlorine, culinary salt, nitre, 

 spices, sugar, creosote, and yeast which operate partly by inducing a change in the 

 animal or vegetable fibres, and partly by combining with and rendering the aqueous 

 constituent unsusceptible of decomposition. See DISINFECTANTS ; FOOD ; PROVISIONS, 

 CURING OF ; and PRESERVED MF.ATS. 



ANVIL, A mass of iron, having a smooth and nearly flat top-surface of steel, 

 upon which blacksmiths, and various other artificers, forge motals with tho hammer. 

 The common anvil is usually made of seven pieces : 1, the core, or body; 2, 3, 4, 5, 

 the four corner-pieces, which serve to enlarge its base ; 6, tho projecting end, which 

 has a square hole for tho reception of tho tail, or shank of a chisel, on which iron bars 

 may be cut through ; and 7, the beak, or horizontal cone, round which rods or slips 

 of metal may bo turned into a circular form, as in making rings. These six pieces 

 are welded separately to the first, or core, and then hammered into a uniform body. 

 In manufacturing large anvils, two hearths are needed, in order to bring each of tho 



