BATTER 



nnd for tho use of them at a very cheap rate in public establishments, render it quite 

 unnecessary to retain the remarks made by Dr. Uro. 



Public baths and wash-houses have now become common amongst us, and with 

 them an increased cleanliness is apparent, and improved health throughout the popu- 

 lation. 



The steady increase of tho revenue derived from tho baths and wash-houses in 

 London, from tho commencement of the undertaking in 1846, shows the practical 

 utility of these institutions, and their effect on the physical and social condition of tho 

 industrious classes ; viz. : 



The aggregate receipts of nine establishments, during s. d. 



1853, amount to 18,213 5 8 



1852. Eight establishments 15,629 5 8 



1851. Six establishments 12,906 12 5 



1850. Four establishments 9,823 10 



1849. Three establishments. . . 6,37917 



6 



2 

 1848. Two establishments ...... 2,896 5 1 



1847.1 -p.... 

 1846.) Dltto 



3,222 1 5 



A similar increase has continued to the present time, the receipts being now, 1865, 

 above 25,000. Those conveniences now, indeed, become absolute necessities are 

 extending in every part of the country. 



Baths, as curative agents, are of various kinds. TURKISH BATHS, for Rheumatism 

 and other complaints in which are adopted all the processes which have been so 

 much extolled in the Oriental bath system have been introduced with success during 

 the last few years. Although much lauded by some, they have not been so satis- 

 factory to others ; and do not therefore appear to be extending. VAPOUR BATHS are 

 stimulant and sudorific ; they may be either to be breathed, or not to be breathed. Dr. 

 Peroira has given tho following Table as a comparative view of the heating powers of 

 vapour and of water : 



Local vapour baths are applied in affections of the joints, and tho like. 



Vapour douche is a jet of aqueous vapour directed on some part of the body. 



Medicated, vapour baths are prepared by impregnating vapour with tho odours of 

 medicinal plants. 



Sulphur, chlorine, sulphurous acid, iodine and camphor, are occasionally employed 

 in conjunction with aqueous vapour. 



Warm, tepid, and hot baths are sufficiently described above. 



BATH STONE. A building stone raised in the vicinity of the city of Bath. See 

 OOLITE. 



BATHVXXiXiXTB. Dr. C. Greville Williams, who has been largely employed in 

 the distillation of bituminous minerals, and amongst others of tho Torbanitc from 

 Torbano Hill, near Bathgate, in Scotland, has discovered a brown friable substance 

 occasionally filling the hollows of the above mineral. This is inflammable, and has 

 been named BathvUlite by its discoverer. 



BATT. A name given to a highly bituminous shale, which is often found inter- 

 stratified with tho coal. It occurs in the South Staffordshire coal-field, and has been 

 well described by Jukes in his ' Geology of the South Staffordshire Coal-Field.' In 

 Lancashire this shale is called Black Bass, and in Flintshire, where they are distilling 

 it in considerable quantities, it is known as Black Stag. 



Batt or bat is also a term applied by the potter to a plate of gelatine, used in 

 printing on to pottery, or porcelain over the glaze. In bat-printing, tho impression is 

 transferred from an engraved copper plato to a bat of gelatine or glue, whence it is 

 printed on the glaze, in oil or tar. Enamel powder being then dusted over the print, 

 adheres to the oiled surface, and the porcelain is then fired at a low temperature. See 

 POTTERY. 



BATTER, In metallurgy, a process of flattening a piece of iron by a blow 



