BLEACHING 



385 



Fig. 135 is an end view of two such calenders, each having two larger rollers, u 

 and B 1, a smaller driving-roller c, two racks D and D 1, placed upon two cisterns a 



136 



and G 1, inside of which cisterns are two rollers E and E i, which rollers have four 



square ribs upon each, to shake the goods as they pass through the cisterns. At F 



is a frame, upon which the batches of goods are placed 



upon rollers shown in fig. 136, where they are marked 



K, K, K, K. The calender-cheeks are made fast at the 



feet, at the middle, and to the top of the building, 



having levers and weights H to give pressure to the 



calender-bowls. 



Near the end-walls of the building are two rollers, 

 one of which is shown at A ; upon each of these is a 

 soft cord used as a guide for conducting the goods 

 through the machinery and cisterns. The operation 

 is commenced by passing one end of the cord through 

 the rollers B and c, down to cistern o, under roller E, 

 through the furthermost division of rack D, and again 

 through calender-rollers at B and c, repeating the same, 

 but observing to keep the cord tight, and to ap- 

 proach one division nearer in rack D each revolution 

 until each division is occupied, when the end must pass 

 over c, under and round B 1, down to and over the 

 guide-roller i 3, through the nearest division of rack 

 D 1 into cistern o 1, under roller E 1, over guide-roller 

 1 2, and again over roller c, under and round B 1. This course must bo repeated, ob- 

 serving as before to keep the cord tight, and to receive one division of rack D 1 every 

 revolution, until each division of rack D 1 is occupied, when the end must pass over 

 from B 1 under i 4. The cord now forms a sort of spiral worm round and through 

 the machinery and cisterns, beginning at B, c, and ending at the top of B 1 to i 4, the 

 number of revolutions being governed by the number of divisions in the racks D and 

 D 1, so that if there were fifteen divisions in each rack there would be fifteen 

 revolutions under c, round B through G, under E through D, and fifteen revolutions 

 over c round B 1, over i 3 through 1 and G 1, under E 1 over i 2, and again over 

 c, passing from the top of B 1 to i 4 ; and by this means, if one end of the back of 

 goods marked K, and placed upon the frame F (fig. 136), is fastened to the end of the 

 guide-cord, the goods will, when the calender is put in motion, bo conducted and 

 washed thirty times through the water in the cisterns, and squeezed thirty times 

 through the calenders. As the operation proceeds and the guide-cord passes through 

 the calender, it is wound by hand upon roller A to prevent it from becoming en- 

 tangled, and to keep it in readiness for the next operation. As soon as the first end of 

 the goods has passed through .$7. 136, and arrives at the guide-roller i 4, it is detached 

 from the end of the guide-cord and attached to the guide-cord at the other end, or 

 with the opposite set of calenders. After this, by putting these in motion, the 

 goods are washed and squeezed through its cisterns, which cisterns are supplied with 

 hot and strong lime-lye, and the goods passing over guide-roller i 9, they are 

 conveyed over other guide-rollers to be placed for the purpose, and taken down 

 VOL. l f CO 



