386 



BLEACHING 



by some person or some proper machinery into one of the boiling vessels, whore, 

 steam or fire heat being added, they are suffered to remain while the lime-boiling 

 takes effect. 



We need not follow the inventor into all the particulars. When the goods were 

 sufficiently acted on by one solution, another solution was used, so that this mode of 

 calendering not only was a method of moving the goods from place to place by means 

 of rollers, but it was a method also of saturating goods thoroughly with a solution 

 and of washing them. 



It was by a similar method that Mr. Bentley bleached skeins of yarn, of linen, or 

 of cotton. The skeins are looped together by tying any soft material round the 

 middle of the first skein, which will leave the loops from one end of the next skein 

 to pass half way through, and which will always leave other two loops, and by re- 

 peating which any quantity of skeins may bo looped together, tying the last loop 

 with another soft material. 



The mode of saturating the goods with solutions is effected by the arrangement 

 shown in Jig, 137. Rapid motion and frequent pressure are introduced instead of a 

 still soaking process. 



137 



L 1 



ilium' 



j 



A is a roller for the guide-cords ; B, B, B are eleven washing-rollers ; c, c, c are 

 speed-rollers ; B, E, E are twelve rollers immersed in twelve divisions of the cis- 

 tern G. The eleven staple-formed irons which pass through the frame rails on each 

 side of the centres of the eleven rollers B, B, B, and the eleven rollers c, c, c, servo 

 to stay these rollers in their places, at the same time allowing the eleven washing- 

 rollers B, B, B, to rise and fall according to the pressure by which they are held down 

 by the eleven weights attached to these irons at H, and upon the bottom rail may be 

 placed such staves, brushes, or rollers, as may be found necessary for holding and 

 brushing the goods in the best manner to keep them straight during the different 

 washings in water and bleaching-liquors. The goods are prepared by steeping, as 

 before described, and placed in batches at F, and passing under the immersing 

 rollers E and the twelve divisions of cistern o, between the eleven speed-rollers c 

 and the eleven washing-rollers B, as seen at K, are taken down straight and open 

 into one of the vessels, and are then boiled by steam, which is succeeded by repeated 

 washings alternately in water and bleaching-liquors, until they are sufficiently 

 bleached, as before described. 



The elevation and ground-plan of a bleach-house and machinery capable of 

 bleaching 800 pieces of 4 Ibs. cloth per day (for best madder work), with the labour 

 of one man and three boys, working from 6 until 4 o'clock, exclusive of singeing 

 and drying, are represented in Jigs. 138 and 139 (p. 387). The letter d represents 

 two lengths of cloth of 400 pieces each (end of pieces being stitched together by 

 patent sewing-machine made by Mather and Platt), making together 800 pieces, 

 passing through washing-machine g, and from thence delivered over winch w, into 

 kier c, this operation occupies one hour, where they are boiled for twelve 

 hours in lime. They are then withdrawn by the same washing-machine g, washed, 

 and passed into second kier b (operation occupying one hour), whore they are boiled 



