CADMIA 



569 



In the same years we exported of ' cordage, cables, and ropes of hemp or like 

 material,' to nearly the same countries as above: In 1871, 131,382 cwts., valued at 

 366.365Z. ; and in 1872, 139,083 cwts., valued at 403.119J. 



It is much to be regretted that we are unable to separate the anchors from the 

 chains and cables. 



Weights of Ordinary Anchors, Sizes and Lengths of Chain Cables, and Sizes and 

 Lengths of Hawsers and Warps, to be recommended when the Surveyors are applied 

 to by Ship Builders and Ship Owners. 



1 The stream cables may be of iron, of proportionate sizes. 

 See COIB, HEMP, WIRE EOPE. 



CACAO (commonly, but improperly COCOA). The seeds of the Theobroma Cacao (or 

 ' Food of the Gods,' as Linnaeus named the tree). They are imported from the West 

 Indies, the Caracas, from Brazil and some other parts of America. The seeds are 

 oval, large as an olive, obtuse at each end. Simply terrified and bruised they con- 

 stitute the COCOA of the shops, but frequently this is made from the fragments of the 

 seed-coats, which impart to the preparation an astringent property. When the care- 

 fully prepared seeds are ground into a paste, sweetened, and flavoured with vanilla or 

 cinnamon, it constitutes CHOCOLATE (chocolata), which furnishes a nourishing beverage. 

 Cacao contains an active principle called theobromine, similar in its properties to 

 theine and caffeine, the alkaloids in tea and coffee. A fatty or oily matter, called 

 butter of cacao, is also present in the cocoa-seeds to the extent of one-half their weight. 

 In 1871 we imported of cocoa-seeds 17,368,302 Ibs. of the value of 594.622Z. ; of 

 the husks and shells, 10,533 cwts., valued at 11,0301. ;"and of cocoa-paste or chocolate, 

 78,501 Ibs., valued at 7,234:1. And in 1872 15,044,134 Ibs. of cocoa, valued at 

 467.144Z. ; 8,725 cwts. of husks and shells, valued at 8,555?.; and of cocoa-paste or 

 chocolate, 102,423 Ibs. valued at 9,847/. 



From June 1853, the duty on the seeds has been Id. per lb., on the husks and 

 shells, 2s. per cwt., and on the paste or chocolate, 2d. per lb. 



Cocoa or Cacao must not be confounded with Coca, a narcotic plant chewed by the 

 Indians of South America, or Coco, one of the Araceee, the underground stems of which 

 are used as food. Se COCA and Coco. 



CACHAIiOT. A name for the sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus'). This 

 whale yields sperm-oil, spermaceti, and ambergris. 



C ABMZA. The Cadmia Arabibus of old writers was the ancient name . of Gala- 

 mine, the lapis calaminaris of the older chemists. Seo Watson's ' Chemical Essays.' 



