CALICO-PRINTING 



601 



down from the -white cloth previous to printing by machine. The shearing-machine 

 of Mather and Platt hero shown, jig. 343, takes up the pieces from the stitched 

 bundle, and winds them, after shearing, in a roll ready for the printing-machine. 

 a is the brush for the back of the cloth ; b, spiral cutter ; c, beds ; d, brush for face 



of cloth ; e, main driving shaft ; /, batching roller. The machine has fast and loose 

 driving pullies 12 inches in diameter by 3^ inches broad, which make 250 revolutions 

 per minute. The cloth passes rapidly over the spiral knives, which revolve also 

 rapidly, and give a slicing effect from side to side of the cloth. In some cases this 

 machine is used instead of singeing before bleaching, but is generally used as a final 

 romover of loose matters before printing. 



In mounting two or more cylinders in one frame, several adjustments become 

 necessary. The first and most important is that which ensures the correspondence 

 between the parts of the figures in the successive printing rollers, for unless those of 

 the second and subsequent engraved cylinders be accurately inserted into their re- 

 spective places, a confused pattern would be produced upon the cloth as it advances 

 round the pressure cylinder. 



Each cylinder must have a forward adjustment in the direction of rotation round 

 its axis, so as to bring the patterns into correspondence with each other in the length 

 of the piece ; and also a lateral or traverse adjustment in the line of its axis, to effect 

 the correspondence of the figures across the piece ; and thus, by both together, each 

 cylinder may be made to work symmetrically with its fellows. 



Fig. 344 is an end-elevation of a 4-colour printing-machine, and fig. 345 is a 

 section of same : the same letters of reference refer to both. A is the cast-iron frame- 

 work, bolted to a corresponding framework by the bolts B, with a space of from 3 to 

 4 feet between ; c is the pressure cylinder, about 2 feet diameter, of iron, but hollow, 

 and between 3 and 4 feet long, according to the sort of cloth the machine is 

 intended to print ; D are the copper rollers, the width of a piece of cloth ; E are 

 wrought-iron mandrels on which the copper roller is forced by a screw press, the 

 mandrel being about 4 inches in diameter where the roller fits on, but with journals of 

 smaller diameter. The roller is made with a projecting piece inside, about an inch 

 broad and of an inch deep, extending all the width of the roller ; this tab, as it is 

 called, fits in a slot cut in the mandrel, which causes it to turn without slipping on the 

 mandrel ; the pressure cylinder or bowl c, rests with its gudgeons in bearings or 

 bushes, which can be shifted up and down in slots of the side cheeks A ; these bushes 

 are suspended from powerful screws F, which turn in brass nuts made fast to the 



