CALICO-PRINTING 611 



severe pressure is due the superior smartness of outline characteristic of goods pro- 

 duced by these means. Where colour can be laid on the outside of the cloth, so as to 

 penetrate as little as possible to the other side, much brighter shades are produced. 

 In order to obtain the most brilliant shades of colour, it is necessary that the cloth 

 act as a sort of mirror behind the colour, which cannot be the case if the fibre is 

 perfectly saturated with colour. Independent of this, a great economy of colouring 

 material follows from the proper application of the colour or mordant to the faco 

 only. This is especially noticeable in madder goods, where the mordant, if printed 

 in excess, is apt to give up a portion from the cloth in the dyebeck, thereby con- 

 suming a certain quantity of madder in pure loss. 



The colour-house should bo a spacious apartment on the ground floor, with the 

 roof ventilated in such a manner that the steam produced finds a speedy exit ; at 

 one end, or down one side, is fixed a range of colour-pans, varying in size, and sup- 

 plied with steam and cold water. Colour-pans are usually made to swing on pivots, 

 whereby they are easily emptied and cleaned. A range of this sort, as manufactured 

 by Messrs. Storey & Co., of Manchester, is represented in fig. 359. This range con- 



359 



361 



362 





sists of 8 double-cased copper pans, containing from 1 to 28 gallons, riveted together 

 at the top, wired at the edges, and made perfectly steam-tight ; they are supported on 

 cast-iron pillars, and are so arranged or fitted as to swivel or turn over when the 

 colour is required to be emptied, by means of a brass stuffing-box attached to pan, 

 and working in the corresponding part attached to pillar on the one side, and moving 

 at the other on a plain brass nozzle, supported by a pedestal projecting from pillar, 

 the nozzle having a blank end, thereby cutting off the communication of steam, which 

 is carried to the following pan. They are also supplied with a condense-tap to carry 

 off the waste steam and water. Each pillar in the range, except the last, is supplied 

 with a brass tap on the top, with 3 flanges, to connect the steam and cold water pipes, 

 as more fully explained hereafter. 



A, fig. 359, is a copper pipe, with one blank end, and open at the other with flange 

 for the admission of steam, which passes through the downward-bent pipe marked B, 

 in connection with the brass tap on top of pillar, the plug of this tap being open at 

 bottom to admit the steam down the pillar as far as the stuffing-box, marked E, 

 through which it rushes into the casing of pans, and out by the condense-pipe D, 

 when required, c is a copper pipe, with one blank end and open at the other, for the 

 admission, of cold water for cooling the colour after boiling, and is likewise connected 

 with the tap on top of pillar, as shown in fig. 360, marked/, the water passing through 



TIB 2 



