622 CALICO-PRINTING 



No. 29. Garancin Purples are reduced from iron liquor to the shade wanted with 

 the following gum : 20 Ibs. light British gum, 8 gallons water, 1 gallon purple fixing 

 liquor No 3 ; boil well, then take out, and let stand 3 or 4 days before using. Colour : 

 1 measure iron liquor, 8, 10, 20, 30, &c., of the above gum, according to shade 

 wanted. 



No. 30. Padding Purples. Reduce to shade with the following gum : 6^ gallons 

 water, 1 gallon No. 3, 1 quart logwood liquor at 8 T., 9 Ibs. flour ; boil, and add 5 

 quarts farina gum, No. 28. For instance, 70-padding purple for machine : 1 gallon 

 iron liquor at 24 T., 70 gallons of the above gum. 



Madder purples for some styles, such as the black, acid, and purple padded style, 

 are thickened with 1 to 2 Ibs. of flour per gallon, the object being to keep the colour 

 on the surface of the fibre, thereby obtaining economy of dye-stuff, together with bril- 

 liancy of colour. 



Colours, either red or purple, applied on the top of already printed colours are 

 called ' covering ' colours when a small pattern is applied, and ' padding ' colours when 

 a uniform shade without pattern is applied. 



Block colours are made from any of the preceding receipts, by making them a little 

 thinner ; the strength of the mordants being also reduced. Colours for dyeing 

 with extract of madder, artificial alizarine, and garancin require to be made 

 much weaker in mordant, in consequence of the less severe treatment after dyeing 

 which goods dyed with these substances require to bring eut the full brilliancy of 

 the colours. 



No. 31. Alkaline red Mordant, In a vessel capable of holding 12 gallons, put 

 10 Ibs. alum, and dissolve with 5 gallons boiling water, then add gradually 3 quarts 

 caustic soda at 70 T., mixed with 1 gallon cold water, fill up with cold water ; let 

 settle, decant and repeat the washing till the clear liquor is tasteless ; filter to a pulp, 

 take off, and add to it 5 pints caustic acid at 70 T. ; boil down to 3 gallons, add 9 Ibs. 

 dark gum-substitute, and boil again a short time. 



No. 32. Pale red Alkaline Mordant. 1 measure of the above colour and 2 or 3 

 measures of dark gum-substitute water. 



No. 33. 10 Acid. 1 gallon lime juice at 10 T., 1 Ib. starch; boil. 



No. 34. 20 Acid. 1 gallon lime juice at 20 T., 1 Ib. starch ; boil. 



No. 35. 30 Acid. 1 gallon lime juice at 30 T., 1 Ib. starch ; boil. 



No. 36. Acid Discharge. 1 gallon lime juice at 22 T., 1 Ib. bisulphate of potash; 

 filter, and thicken the cle^ r with 1 Ib. starch. 



No. 37. Acid Discharge. 1 gallon lime juice at 28 T., 2 Ibs. bisulphate of potash; 

 filter, and thicken the clear with 5 Ibs. dark British gum. 



In the last two colours, the bisulphate throws down a quantity of flocculent matter, 

 which has to be filtered out. 



No. 38. Reserve Paste. 3 gallons lime juice at 50 T., 2 gallons caustic soda at 

 70 T. ; beat to boil, then, in a separate vessel, beat up 56 Ibs. pipeclay with 3| gal- 

 lons boiling water, and add 3 gallons 6 Ibs.-gum-Senegal water ; add to the other 

 solution, and boil 20 minutes. 



No 39. Reserve Paste. 4 gallons lime juice at 60 T., 3 gallons caustic soda at 

 70 T. ; boil, and add 48 Ibs. pipeclay beat up with 2 quarts boiling water, and 4 gal- 

 lons 6 Ibs.-gum-Senegal water ; boil 20 minutes. 



The above two pastes are used for blocking on madder work, to protect the pattern 

 from the following covering shades, which are raised with quercitron bark, &c. &c. 

 No. 38 is a paste used where there are only black and reds to preserve, and No. 39 is 

 used where there is also purple. 



Covering Shades. 



No. 40. 5 Drab. 1 quart iron liquor at 24 T., 5 quarts water, 2| Ibs. light 

 British gum. 



No. 41. 10 Drab. I quart iron liquor at 24 T., 10 quarts water, 4J Ibs. light 

 British gum. 



No. 42. 5 Drab. 1 quart iron liquor at 24 T., 1 quart red liquor at 20 T., 5 

 quarts water, 2J Ibs. light British gum. 



No. 43. 10 Drab. 1 quart iron liquor at 24 T., 1 quart red liquor at 20 T., 10 

 quarts water, 5 Ibs. light British gum. 



No. 44. Olive. 2 gallons red liquor at 12 T., 1 gallon iron liquor at 14 T., 6 Ibs. 

 light British gum. 



No. 45. Olive. 3 gallons red liquor at 18 T., 2 gallons iron liquor at 8 T., 10 Ibs. 

 light British gum. 



No. 46. Sage. 9 quarts red liquor at 9 T., 1 quart iron liquor at 12 T., 4 Ibs. 

 light British gum. 



