CALICO-PRINTING 623 



No. 47. Sage. 14 quarts red liquor at 3 T., 1 pint iron liquor at 12 T., 5| Ibs. 

 light British gum. 



No. 48. Chocolate Brown. 6 gallons rod liquor at 15 T,, 1 gallon iron liquor at 

 24 T., 10J Ibs. light British gum, 3i Ibs. flour. 



No. 49. Slate. 3 quarts logwood liquor at 8 T., 2 quarts iron liquor at 24 T., 1 

 quart red liquor at 18 T., 1 quart No. 50, 7 gallons water, 18 Ibs. light British gum ; 

 boil. 



No. 50. Gall Liquor. 28 Ibs. ground galls, 2 gallons acetic acid, 12 gallons water; 

 stir occasionally for two days, and filter. 



No. 51. Hazel. 4 quarts brown No. 18, 2 quarts bark liquor at 10 T., 1 pint log- 

 wood liquor at 12 T., 1 quart cochineal liquor at 8 T., 16 oz. measure No. 52, 4 

 quarts 6 Ibs. -gum- Senegal water. 



No. 52. 1 quart nitrate of iron at 80 T., 1 pint nitrate of copper at 100 T. 

 No. 53. Standard for Buffs. 10 gallons water, 40 Ibs. copperas, 20 Ibs. brown 

 acetate of lead : stir till dissolved, settle, and use the clear ; reduced to shade wanted 

 with gum-Senegal water. 



No. 54. Chrome-oxide Standard. 3 gallons water, 12 Ibs. bichromate potash; dis- 

 solve with heat, put in a mug of 12 gallons capacity, add 3 pints oil of vitriol diluted 

 with 6 quarts cold water, add gradually 3 Ibs. sugar ; when the effervescence has 

 ceased, boil down to 3 gallons. 



No. 55. Drab. 5 quarts gum-tragacanth water (8 oz. per gallon), 2J-quarts No. 55, 

 | pint cochineal liquor at 4 T., | pint bark liquor at 8 T. 



No. 56. Fawn. 1 gallon No. 55, 2 gallons 8 oz.-gum-tragacanth water, gallon 

 brown No. 17. 



No. 57. Slate. 1 gallon No. 55, 1 gallon 8 oz.-gum-tragacanth water. 

 No. 58. Gum-tragacanth Water. 10 gallons water, 5 Ibs. gum tragacanth in 

 powder ; stir occasionally for 3 days. 



No. 59. Fast Blue Standard. 150 gallons water, 18 Ibs. indigo in pulp, 24 Ibs. cop- 

 peras, 28 Ibs. lime previously slaked ; stir occasionally for 2 days, let settle, and draw 

 off the clear liquor, and to every 10 gallons add 1 pint muriate-of-tin liquor at 120 T. ; 

 filter on flannel to a thick paste. 



No. 60. Fast Blue for Machine. 1 quart No. 59, 6 oz. muriate-of-tin crystals, 3 

 quarts of gum-water. 



No. 61. Fast Blue Standard. 4 Ibs. indigo ground to pulp, 3 quarts caustic soda at 

 70 T., 3 quarts water, and granulated tin in excess ; boil in an iron pot till perfectly 

 yellow, when tried on a piece of glass. 



No. 62. Fast Blue (Block). 1 quart No. 61, 12 oz. muriate-of-tin crystals, 12 oz. 

 lime juice at 60 T., 3 quarts 6 Ibs. -gum-Senegal water. 



No. 63. Fast Green, 1 quart No. 60, 2 quarts lead gum No. 64, ^ Ib. muriate- 

 of-tin crystals. 



No. 64. Lead Gum. 1 gallon hot water, 8 Ibs. white acetate lead, 4 Ibs. nitrate lead ; 

 dissolve, and add 1 gallon 6 Ibs.-gum-Senegal water. 



The course of operation for the styles 1, 2, and 3 above, is to print in one or more 

 of the madder colours ; after dyeing, the goods are hung in the ageing room for a day 

 or two, then brought to the dye-house. The 'ageing' room is a spacious airy chamber, 

 with an arrangement of rails at the top of it, from which the pieces can be hung in 

 long folds. These chambers are kept at an equable summer temperature, and in 

 proper hygroscopic conditions, due ventilation being also provided. These ' ageing ' 

 rooms, as they are called, are in several print-works of enormous dimensions, and are 

 generally separate buildings. Those of Messrs. Edmund Potter and Co., and Messrs. 

 Thomas Hoyle and Co., in Lancashire, may be particularised as forming quite a feature 

 in the works. The pieces stay in these chambers from 1 to 6 days, according to the 

 style of work, during which time the colour which was deposited on the outside of 

 the fibre gradually penetrates it, and becomes more firmly attached, a portion of the 

 base being deposited, and acetic acid given off in vapours. Where colours are 

 required to absorb a certain amount of oxygen, such as iron mordant, catechu browns, 

 &c., they find the necessary conditions here. On the proper ageing of printed goods 

 depends in a great measure the success of many styles ; should the room be too hot, 

 or too dry, imperfect fixation of the colour ensues, and meagre and uneven tints ara 

 obtained in the subsequent operations. In countries where in summer the atmosphere 

 is dry, great difficulty is found in ageing properly. In America catechu browns have 

 been known to require weeks before being of the proper shade. These are of course 

 exceptional cases; the scientific printer knows how to combat these evils by the 

 introduction of watery vapour, or even by erecting his ageing room over a reservoir 

 of water, with rather open boarding for floor ; many colours also may have deliquescent 

 Baits introduced. In England the process of ageing is of pretty uniform duration. 

 These ageing rooms have now almost lost their importance, owing to the introduc- 



