CALICO-PRINTING 



637 



a cistern containing 300 gallons of boiling water, 5 Ibs. bichromate of potash, and 

 5 Ibs. quicklime. After the passage of every 10 pieces add 1 oz. bichromate of potash 

 and 1 oz. quicklime dissolved in 3 gallons of water ; after this orangeing, wash well 

 and dry. 



No. 64a, Orange. 1\ gallons of water ; 60 Ibs. white acetate of lead ; 22 Ibs. 

 litharge ; boil 20 to 30 minutes till all dissolved, let settle and thicken the clear liquor 

 with calcined wheat starch (British gum). 



Second Style: Garancin. 



Almost all the madder styles are imitated by dyeing with garancin, a concentrated 

 preparation of madder (see MADDEK), which dyes fine brilliant colours at once, not 

 requiring to be soaped to develope the shades, but not possessing the extreme solidity 

 of madder colour. Garancin dyeing is the most economical way of using madder, 

 since more colouring matter is obtained in this way than by using madder direct, and 

 consequently garancin is principally used for full heavy colours, which, if dyed with 

 madder and soaped, would be to a certain extent abraded and not stand so finely on 

 the surface of the cloth. Chocolate grounds, black, red, and chocolate, with brown or 

 drab, dark purple plates, black and scarlet ground, are thus dyed ; in short, wherever 

 the pattern is very full and cheapness essential, garancin is resorted to. The colours 

 or mordants for garancin are usually about two-thirds of the strength of similar colours 

 for madder (see the list of colours) ; the ageing and dunging, &c., are the same as for 

 madder ; the dyeing is performed in the same manner, using from one-fourth to one- 

 third the quantity that would bo used of madder. A little chalk is also added, where 

 the water is soft; and the dyeing is commenced at 110 F., and carried to 185 F., or 



383 



190 F. in two hours ; then got out and well washed and rinsed in water at 140 F., in 

 a beck, for 10 minutes, then squeezed and dried. The white is always stained a 

 little, though not to the same extent as in maddered goods, and this slight stain is 

 removed by a process peculiar to garancin goods. 



Fig. 383 is a plan, and fig. 384 an elevation of the chloring apparatus used for 

 clearing the white grounds of garancin-dyed goods, for which we are indebted to 

 Mr. Furnival. A is a padding machine with two brass or one brass and one vulcanised 

 India-rubber roller, and box to hold the solution of hypochlorite of lime; B is a 

 drying machine with copper cylinders, for partially drying the goods after the first 

 chloring ; c is a second padding machine similar to A ; D is a steaming box, with rollers 

 top and bottom, and perforated steam-pipe ; K is a water cistern with divisions and 

 rollers ; F is a water mangle or padding machine, similar to A and c, with water only 

 in the trough ; o is a drying machine large enough to thoroughly dry the cloth ; these 

 machines are connected with and turned by the shaft K ; to prevent pulling the cloth, 

 and to adjust the speed of the machines with each other, the rollers o are made exactly 

 the same size, and the speed of the drying machines is regulated by the friction plates 

 L. Tho cloth is passed between the rollers in the first chloring machine A, which is 

 set with solution of hypochlorite of lime from to 2J Twaddell's hydrometer, ae- 

 cording to the depth of stain on the white, over the first drying machine cylinders of 

 B, into solution of hypochlorite of lime again in the troagh of, and through the rollers 

 of c, from this through the steaming-box D, entering the box by a narrow slit, which 

 just admits the piece, and leaving by a similar opening, which is protected by a sort 

 of hood which dips into the water in E, then between the rollers of the water mangle 

 F and over the cylinders of the drying machine G. The cloth passes through the various 



