CALICO-PRINTING 



641 



120 F. in half an hour, then add the garancin and sumac, and bring up to 150 F., 

 tako out, hot water, and clear as usual. 



Third Style : Reserved. 



Maddered or garancined goods are often left -with white spots, as leaves, &c., 

 and when dyed these spaces are filled with various bright colours, such as green, blue, 

 yellow, &c. These colours are the ordinary steam colours described hereafter, and 

 are fixed in the same manner. 



Another way of combining madder or garancin colours with steam colours is by 

 blocking on the dyed object, generally groups of flowers, a reserve paste (No. 39), and 

 when this is dry, covering by machine in small patterns with various shades of drab, 

 olive, &c. (Nos. 5, 44, 46, &c.), which then are dunged and dyed with quercitron 

 bark, cochineal, madder and bark, &c. &c. When the paste has been applied, the 

 colours underneath, or the white spots reserved, are unaffected by the covering colour, 

 and stand out clear surrounded by the covering colour. In the white spaces reserved 

 are now blocked steam colours, which are raised by steam as described further on. 

 This style admits of almost endless combinations of patterns as far as regards the 

 ' covering,' for any small pattern roller of the ' covering ' class can be printed over 

 the reserved colours, and a great variety of shades can be produced by varying the 

 dyeing of this ' cover.' 



Fourth Style: Pdddcd. 



In this style the white cloth is mordanted all over by padding in red or iron liquor, 

 or mixtures of them,.and drying in the padded flue ; then a pattern is printed on in acid, 

 and the usual dunging and dyeing operations performed, the result being a dyed 

 ground with a white pattern. 



Fig. 385 represents a section of the padding flue used in mordanting for this style. 



It consists of a long vaulted chamber, about 35 yards long by 5 yards, and 4 yards 

 high, cut in two at nearly half its length, by six small arches built in an opposite 

 direction to that of the chamber, the object of which is to preserve the principal arch 

 from the action of the heat, and to hinder the dried pieces from being exposed, on 

 coming to the higher part, to moisture and acids, which are disengaged in great 

 abundance and might condense there, c c is a long furnace, the flue of which forms 

 the bottom of the chamber ; the top of the flue is covered with plates of cast iron 

 fitting one into another, and which can be heated to near red heat by the flame of the 

 furnace. F is an arched passage by which the interior of this stove can be reached. 

 h h are ventilating holes in the lateral wall which can be opened and closed at will, 

 by means of the rod j, which is connected with sliding doors over the apertures. 

 k k are cast-iron supports for turned copper rollers, which are fixed to the cross 

 pieces y y, and serve to conduct the piece. 1 1 are bars of iron which carry the fans 

 m m, which are covered by gratings, and make about 300 turns per minute. 



In front of this hot flue is placed all the apparatus necessary for padding the pieces, 

 and moving them through the drying chambers. This movement is caused by pullies 

 E a driven from a prime mover. 



The mordant liquor being put in the box of the padding machine, the pieces wound 

 on a beam and placed above the machine are conducted through the box, then between 

 the two lowest rollers above the box, from them through the liquor again, passing 



Vo&. I T T 



