048 CALICO-PIUNTING 



Process : Print in any of tho above colours, and as soon as dry from the machine, 

 put through the decolouring vat. 



(No. 9.) Decolouring Vat. 1,000 gallons of -water, 1,000 Ibs. chloride of lime ; rake 

 well up, till quite smooth and free from lumps, then immerse a frame with rollers top 

 and bottom, as in dipping greens, &c. ; keep the vat stirred up so as to be milky, and 

 run the pieces through at the rate of 1 piece of 28 yards in 3 minutes ; on leaving tho 

 squeezing rollers, conduct into water and rinse, then wince 10 minutes in bichromate 

 of potash at 4 T. ; wash and wince in very dilute muriatic acid ; wash well and dry. 



In this style, such is the permanence of the Turkey-red dye, that it is not much 

 altered by passing through chloride of lime, whilst in the parts printed in tho discharge 

 colours an instantaneous disengagement of chlorine takes place, which decolorises 

 the dyed ground, and where a mineral colour or mordant formed part of the discharge, 

 it is left in place of the red dye. This style was invented in 1811 by M. D. Kcechlin, 

 and patented in England by Mr. James Thompson, of Primrose, who printed immense 

 quantities of it. 



The Bandanna printing, being a business of itself, is more fitly described in another 

 place. (See BANDANNA.) 



Eighth Style: Steam Colours. 



The print:' og of steam colours may be considered as a mode of dyeing at one oper- 

 ation, for in most cases one or more mordants are mixed with dye-wood decoctions, 

 and printed on the cloth, the subsequent steaming causing the mordant to combine 

 with the colouring matter, and both with the cloth. Steam colours in some cases are 

 made so as to produce a fair colour when printed on ordinary white calico : but much 

 superior colours are produced by mordanting the cloth first, so as to fix peroxide of 

 tin in the fibre ; and as this is the almost universal rule, it is this sort of steam 

 printing alone that will be described. Woollen fabrics, indeed, require a good pre- 

 paration by tin, &c. before lively and substantial colours can be fixed on them by 

 steam. 



The following is the mode of preparing calicoes for steam colours : 

 Pad the pieces stitched together, in a padding machine with wooden bowls, through 

 a solution of stannate of soda at 10 T. twice over, letting them lie wet an hour 

 between ; immediately after padding the second time, run through a cistern with 

 rollers, containing dilute sulphuric acid at 1 to 3 T., thence into a pit of water, 

 wince well, and run through a washing-machine. It has been observed by Mr. James 

 Chadwick, that if the cloth, with oxide of tin newly percipitated on it, is subjected 

 to any severe washing, it loses a considerable quantity of oxide, so that no more 

 washing must be given at this stage than will remove the free sulphuric acid. It 

 appears that the cloth, once dried with the oxide in it, does not part with the oxide 

 again by severe washing. After washing, the pieces are unstitched, and put into the 

 hydro-extractor, then dried gently over the steam cylinders, and are then ready for 

 printing. 



The following list of steam colours comprises the usual variety of shades printed on 

 calico : 



No. 97. Steam Slack (Machine"). 1 gallon logwood liquor at 12 T., 1 quart gall 

 liquor at 9 T., 1 quart mordant, 2 Ibs. flour, 6 oz. starch ; boil ton minutes, and add 

 pint nitrate of iron, 



Steam Slack Mordant. 1 quart acetic acid, 1 J quart acetate of copper at 3 T., 

 l quart iron liquor at 24 T., 1 quart red liquor at 20 T. 



No. 98. Chocolate (Machine). 3 gallons logwood liquor at 12 T., 2 gallons Sapan 

 liquor at 12 T., 1 gallon nitrate of alumina, | gallon bark liquor at 12 T., 4 gallons 

 water, 17 Ibs. starch ; boil, and add 8 oz. chlorate of potash, 2^ Ibs. red prussiate. 



No. 99. Dark Blue (Machine}. 7 gallons water, 14 Ibs. starch, 2J Ibs. sal-ammo- 

 niac ; boil, and add whilst hot 1 2 Ibs. yellow prussiate of potash in powder, 6 Ibs. red 

 prussiato of potash, 6 Ibs. tartaric acid, and when nearly cold, 1 Ib. sulphuric acid 

 (specific gravity, 1'85), 1 Ib. oxalic acid dissolved in 2 quarts hot water, and 6 gallons 

 prussiate-of-tin pulp. 



No. 100. Dark Slue. 8 quarts water, 4 Ibs. yellow prussiate of potash, 3 Ibs. pale 

 British gum ; boil, and add 1 Ib. bisulphate of potash, 2 Ibs. muriate of ammonia, 8 oz. 

 alum, 4 oz. oxalic acid, 4 oz. sulphuric acid at 170 T., 4 quarts tin pulp No. 103. 



No. 101. Cinnamon. 1 quart cochineal liquor at 8 T., 1 quart logwood liquor at 

 8 T., 1 quart berry liquor at 10 T., 6 oz. alum, 4 oz. cream of tartar, 8 oz. starch ; 

 boil, and whilst warm add 3 oz. muriate of-tin-crystals. 



No. 102. Orange. 12 Ibs. annatto, 1 gallon caustic soda at 70 T., 5 gallons water; 

 boil 20 minutes, strain, and add 3 quarts red mordant No. 198, 6 Ibs. alum ; heat till 

 clear, and add 4 gallons thick gum-substitute water. 

 No. 103. Tin Pulp. To protochloride-of-tin solution add as much yellow prussiate 



