CALICO-FEINTING 649 



of potash in solution as will precipitate all the tin as forroprussiate ; this is washed by 

 docantation, and filtered to a stiff paste. 



No. 104. Light Blue for Machine. 1 gallon dark blue No. 99, 3 gallons 4-lb. gum- 

 substitute water. 



No. 105. Green (Machine). 7 gallons Persian-berry liquor, at 12 T., 15 Ibs. yellow 

 prussiate of potash, 8 Ibs. alum, 28 Ibs. gum-substitute ; boil, and add 2 Ibs. muriato- 

 of tin crystals, 2 Ibs. oxalic acid. 



No. 106. Pink (Machine). 4 gallons cochineal liquor at 6 T., 2 Ibs. alum, 2 Ibs. 

 bi-tartrate of potash, 8 oz. oxalic acid, 4 gallons thick gum-Senegal water. 



No. 107. Purple (Machine). 2 gallons logwood liquor, at 12 T., 12 oz. alum, 8 oz. 

 red prussiato of potash, 4 oz. oxalic acid, 8 gallons gum-substitute water. If for block, 

 add 12 gallons gum-water instead of 8 gallons. 



No. 108. Dark Bed (Machine.) 8 quarts Sapan liquor at 12 T., 2 quarts bark 

 liquor at 8 T., 2 quarts nitrate of alumina No. 109, 6J Ibs. starch, 1 Ib. gum-substi- 

 tute, 4 quarts water, 4 oz. chlorate of potash, 12 oz. alum. 



No. 109. Nitrate of Alumina. 8 gallons boiling water, 24 Ibs. nitrate-of-lead crys- 

 tals, 24 Ibs. alum, 5 Ibs. carbonate-of-soda crystals ; let settle, and use the clear. 



No. 110. Slue Standard. 1 gallon water, 12 oz. alum, 4J- oz. oxalic acid, If Ib. 

 yellow prussiate of potash, 1 gallon gum-substitute water. 



No. 111. Lavender Liquor. 2 gallons red liquor at 18 T., 6 Ibs. ground logwood ; 

 let steep for 48 hours, then strain off the liquor. 



No. 112. Lavender. 4 gallons lavender liquor No. Ill, 5 gallons blue standard 

 No. 110, from 24 to 48 gallons gum- water, according to shade wanted. 



No. 113. Drab. 4 gallons lavender liquor, 4 gallons blue standard, 1 gallon bark 

 liquor at 8 T., from 40 to 70 gallons gum- water, according to shade wanted. 



No. 114. Stone. 4 gallons lavender liquor No. Ill, 6 gallons blue standard No. 110, 

 1 gallon bark liquor at 120 T., reduced same as drab. 



No. 115. Sage Greens for Blotch Grounds. 2 gallons yellow No. 118, 2 gallons blue 

 standard No. 110, from 28 to 56 gallons gum-water, according to shade wanted. 



No. 116. Yellow. 4 gallons berry liquor at 12 T., l^lb. alum. 



No. 117. Brown Standard. 14 quarts bark liquor at 12 T., 3| quarts Sapan 

 liquor at 12 T., l quart logwood liquor at 12 T., 12 quarts 8-lb. gum-substitute 

 water, 3 Ibs. alum, 2 oz. chlorate of potash, 5 oz. red prussiate. All shades of light 

 browns are made from this by reducing with gum-substitute water, according to shade 

 wanted. 



No. 118. Yellow. 4 gallons bark at 8 T., 2 quarts red liquor at 18 T., 2 quarts 

 nitrate of alumina No. 109, 12 oz. tin crystals, 5 Ibs. starch. 



No. 119. Green for Block. 28 Ibs. yellow prussiato of potash, 6 gallons hot water; 

 in a separate vessel 10 gallons 6-lb. gum-Senegal water, 2 gallons water, 1 gallon 

 muriate of tin at 120 T. ; mix the prussiate solution with the tin and gum by pouring 

 one into the other, and violently agitating ; when quite fine and free from flocculent 

 matter, add 12 gallons berry liquor at 10 T., then add 12 Ibs. and 2^ Ibs. oxalic acid 

 dissolved in 5 gallons water, then 3 quarts acetic acid, and 2 gills extract of 

 indigo. 



No. 120. Brown. 6 quarts berry liquor at 20 T., 6 quarts Brazil-wood liquor at 

 8 T., 3 Ibs. alum, 3 quarts lavender liquor, 6 quarts 6-lb. gum-Senegal water, 24 oz. 

 nitrate of copper at 100 T. 



Printing with pigment colours, and fixing them by steaming was formerly a separate 

 style ; but owing to the introduction of aniline colours and madder extracts, goods are now 

 printed so frequently with all these classes of colours at once, that it is useless to separate 

 them. In printing pigments the ordinary pigments, such as used in oil painting, are me- 

 chanically attached to the cloth by a species of cementing. The first fixing vehicle used 

 was a solution of caoutchouc in naphtha, which was mixed with the pigment so as to make 

 colours of sufficient viscosity to print. The naphtha was then driven off by steaming, 

 and the pigment was then cemented to the cloth by a film of caoutchouc. This 

 method makes very fast colours, not affected by soaping and moderate fric/.ion ; but, 

 unfortunately, the naphtha volatilising during the printing process, rendered the use 

 of it too dangerous, and after it was found that explosions of the naphtha vapour fre- 

 quently took place, calico printers turned their attention to some other fixing vehicle. 

 Animal substances, of which the white of eggs is the type, and which, soluble in 

 water, are coagulated by heat, are now usually employed. Of these, fo ic may be 

 particularised : Albumen of eggs ; blood albumen, or dried serum of blood ; lactarine, 

 and gluten. The first is made by simply drying gently the white of eggs into flakes. 

 The second is the serum of blood dried in the same manner. The third is made by 

 separating the solid part of buttermilk, purifying it from butter and free acid, and 

 drying it. The fourth is the residue of starch-making from wheat-flour by the simple 

 washing process, the gluten being gently 'dried. 



