650 CALICO-PRINTING 



Tho latter two thickeners require ft small quantity of alkali to bring them in solu- 

 tion ; they then resemble albumen in their power of coagulating by heat. There 

 nro few colours of this style printed, chiefly ultramarine blue, carbon drab, and sienna- 

 and umber-browns ; examples of these will bo found further on. 



The invention of aniline colours, commencing with the discovery of mauve in 1856 

 by W. H. Perkin, followed soon after by that of fuchsine or magenta, by Verguin, and 

 subsequently by the production from aniline of a vast quantity of beautiful colours, 

 has almost revolutionised steam-printing. These colours being of extraordinary purity 

 and brilliancy, and in some cases being as fast to light as the colours above described, are 

 now universally employed, to the almost extinction of the old dyewood, &c., colours. 

 In conjunction with the chrome green of Guignet and the various colours obtained 

 from extracts of madder and artificial alizarine, most exquisite prints are now pro- 

 duced, where the genius of the designer, being no longer checked by the exigencies of 

 the printer who, to make reds, purples, and chocolates fast to soap was compelled to 

 dye them with madder, and thus make a break between the printing of these and their 

 illumination by steam colours subsequently, has now full play, and a great variety of 

 colours being printed at one operation, and all raised or fixed together aftorwardtt ; 

 patterns of great delicacy of execution and beauty of colouring can be produced solid and 

 fast to soap, which it was perfectly impossible to do before the introduction of theso 

 colours. Ii "nay therefore bo confidently affirmed that the introduction of madder extract 

 has directly tended to make a marked improvement in the artistic taste applied to calico- 

 printing. The shades of colour produced from aniline colours, madder extracts, and 

 pigments are infinite. It will only be within the scope of this work to give a selection 

 which will illustrate the principles upon which they are made. 



No. 121. Magenta Standard. 1^-lb. magenta crystals, 4 gallons methylated spirit 

 2 gallons water. 



No. 122. Gum-tragacanth Water. 1 gallon water, 10 oz. gum-tragacanth ; boil C 

 hours or till quite smooth, and make the bulk up to 1 gallon. 



No. 123. Egg -albumen-solution. 1 gallon of cold water, 8lbs. of egg-albumen ; stir 

 till dissolved, and strain. 



No. 124. Blood-albumcn-sohttion. 1 gallon cold water, 81bs. blood-albumen; stir 

 till dissolved, and strain. 



No. 125. No. 45 Magenta Paste (for dark magenta). 2 quarts water, 21bs. fine 

 wheat flour, 1 Ib. of white British gum (slightly roasted wheat starch), 45 oz. 

 measure of No. 121 ; boil well, cool, and add 2 quarts of No. 123. 



No. 126. No. 35 Magenta paste (for dark magenta). Tho same as No. 125, but 

 35 oz. measure of No. 121. 



No. 127. No. 20 Magenta gum (for medium shade). 2 quarts of No. 122, 2 quarts 

 of No. 123, 20 oz. measure of No. 121. 



No. 128. No. 10 Magenta gum (for pale shade). The same as No. 127, but 10 oz. 

 measure of No. 121. 



No. 129. No. 4 Magenta gum (for padding or 'blotching'). Tho same as No. 127, 

 but 4 oz. measure of No. 121. 



No. 130. Dark Mauve paste. 2 Ibs. wheat flour, 1 Ib. white British gum, 1 quart 

 of water, 100 oz. measure of strong solution of mauve crystals inspirit; boil well, 

 cool, and add 1 quart of No. 123. 



No. 131. Medium shade Mauve paste. l^lb. wheat flour, | Ib. white British gum, 

 1 quart of water, 60 oz. measure mauve solution as No. 1 30 ; boil well, cool, and add 

 1 quart of No. 123. 



No. 132. No. 20 Pale Mauve (for dark and pale mauve). 2 quarts of No. 122, 2 

 quarts of No. 124, 20 oz. measure mauve solution as No. 130. 



No. 133. No. 10 Pale Mauve (for a third shade). 2 quarts of No. 122, 2 quarts of 

 No. 124, 10 oz. measure mauve solution as No. 130. 



Mauves with glycerine, arsenious acid, and acetate-of-alumina fixing. In these 

 colours there is no action until the goods are steamed, when arsenite of alumina is formed 

 in an insoluble state in the cloth and the mauve remains united with this mordant. 



No. 134. Glycerine and arscnious-acid solution. 1 gallon of glycerine, 4 Ibs. arse- 

 nious acid ; boil well till dissolved. 



No. 135. Acetate of alumina. 1 gallon of water, 3 Ibs. of alum, 2 J Ibs. acetate-of- 

 soda crystals. 



No. 136. Mauve-reducing paste. 2 gallons of water, 3 gallons of No. 135, 1 gallon 

 of No. 122, 6 Ibs. wheat starch ; boil, cool, and add gradually 2 quarts of No. 134. 



No. 137. Dark Mauve. 5 Ibs. starch, 5 quarts water, 3 quarts of No. 122, 1 quart 

 of vinegar, Ib. mauve crystals ; boil, cool, and add when cooling 5 quarts of No. 1 35, 

 and when cold 2 pinte No. 1 34. 



No. 138. For pale or medium shades, dilute No. 137 with No. 136 to the required 

 shade. 



