656 CALICO-PRINTING 



five feet high. There are two windows, which are placed opposite each other. F is 

 a cast-iron tray for burning the sulphur. It is placed on a flag, inclining towards the 

 chamber at about one inch to a foot. It is furnished with a slide, on which to puttho 

 sulphur to be pushed in, and to admit what air may be wanted. The space for air 

 may be from half an inch to an inch wide. It costs 181. to '201. 



Preparation. Pad the pieces, previously well bleached in a wooden padding 

 machine through stannate of soda at 10 twice over, then pass through a cistorn 

 with rollers, containing dilute sulphuric acid at 3 T., wash gently, and partially dry, 

 then pad through sulphomuriato of tin at 4 T. twice. 



No 173. Sulphomuriate of Tin. 3 quarts muriate of tin at 120 T., 1 quart sul- 

 phuric acid at 170 T., mixed together gradually, and 4 quarts muriatic acid added; 

 reduce to 4 T. 



Run from this without washing into a large cistern with rollers, containing dilute 

 chloride of lime at ^ T., then wash, put in the hydro-extractor, and dry. When 

 wanted for printing, pad through gum-Senegal water at 8 oz. to the gallon, and dry. 

 After printing they are hung the same as calicoes to equalise the temperature, then 

 hung in the steam-chest in the same manner as calicoes, and steamed 45 minutes. 

 After steaming, they are unrolled and loosely folded for washing-off, which is done 

 by wincing over a reel in a pit of water gently for of an hour, then transferred to a 

 washing-machine or large automatic wince reel, and washed till no more coloured 

 liquor comes away, then hydro-extracted, and dried over the steam cylinders. After 

 drying, it is found advantageous to hang the pieces in a cool room, with covered 

 shutter sides, for a day or two, so that they may imbibe a little moisture, and the 

 colours appear richer. The wool in mousseline-de-laines is apt to be partially decom- 

 posed during steaming, and sulphuretted hydrogen liberated, which decomposes the 

 metallic salts, such as nitrate of copper, used in some colours, and produces a very 

 disagreeable effect, termed silvering. To avoid this, it is now customary to wind on 

 the reel for steaming, at the same time as the printed piece, a grey or unbleached 

 piece, which has been padded in a weak solution of acetate of lead, and dried. By 

 this means the printed piece is steamed in contact with the prepared piece, and any 

 sulphuretted hydrogen that may be disengaged is immediately absorbed by the acetate 

 of lead. 



The following are the colours used in mousseline-de-laine printing : 



No. 174. Dark Bed. 4 gallons cochineal liquor at 10 T., 7 Ibs. starch; boil, and 

 when cooled to 180 F., add l^lb. oxalic acid, and when this is dissolved, l^lb. 

 muriate-of-tin crystals. 



No. 175. Chocolate. 6 gallons Sapan liquor at 12 T., 2 gallons logwood liquor at 

 12T., 1 gallon bark liquor at 12 T., 1 6 Ibs. starch ; boil, and add 5f Ibs. alum, 

 12 oz. chlorate of potash, 4 Ibs. red prussiate of potash. 



No. 176. Yellow. 4 gallons berry liquor at 10 T., 5j Ibs. starch, 1 Ib. pale British 

 gum ; boil, and add 1 1 Ib. muriate-of-tin crystals. 



No. 177. Dark or Eoyal Blue. 6 gallons water, 6 Ibs. starch, 2 Ibs. sal-ammo- 

 niac ; boil well, and add 6 gallons tin pulp No. 103 ; mix well into the paste, and add 

 16 Ibs. pounded yellow prussiate of potash, 8 Ibs. red prussiate, 24 Ibs. tartaric acid, 

 and llb. oxalic acid previously dissolved in 4 pints hot water. 



No. 178. Pale Blues are made from the dark blue No. 177, by reducing with gum- 

 substitute water ; say 1 of dark blue and seven of gum-water for pale blue, for two blues, 

 and 1 of dark blue and 14 of gum-water for blotch or ground blue. 



No. -179. Green. 4 gallons berry or bark liquor at 12 T., 3 Ibs. alum, 6 Ibs. starch ; 

 boil, and add 6 Ibs. powdered yellow prussiate of potash, 1 Ib. muriato-of-tin crystals, 

 1 Ib. oxalic acid, and 2| pints extract of indigo. 



No. 180. Pale Green. 3 quarts berry liquor at 6 T., If Ib. yellow prussiate of 

 potash, 9 oz. alum, f pint acetic acid, 16 quarts 4 Ibs. gum-Senegal water, 8 oz. weight 

 muriate-of-tin liquor at 12 T., f pint extract of indigo. 



No. 181. Dark Brown. 2 quarts Sapan liquor at 8 T., 1 pint logwood liquor at 

 12 T., 5 quarts bark liquor at 10 T., 12 oz. alum, 1 oz. chlorate of potash, 6 Ibs. 

 gum-substitute ; boil, and add 4 oz. red prussiate of potash, 2 oz. oxalic acid. 



No. 182. Pale Browns are made from the dark brown No. 181, by reducing with 

 gum-water, say 1 to 3 or 1 to 5. 



No. 183. Pale Red. 1 Ib. fine-ground cochineal, 1 Ib. liquor ammonia, specific gravity 

 0-88 ; put in a jar with tight-fitting cover, which may be luted down ; keep in a warm 

 place for 48 hours, then mix with two gallons boiling water, and simmer in a mug down 

 to 1 gallon, then strain off, wash the cochineal with a little water, and strain again; 

 to the liquor made up to 1 gallon add 4 oz. alum, 4 oz. muriate-of-tin crystals, 4 oz. 

 oxalic acid, and 1 gallon 6-lb. gum-Senegal water. 



No. 184. Scarlet. 2 gallons cochineal liquor at 12 T., 4 Ib. starch ; boil, and add 

 4 oz. oxalic acid, 4 oz. binoxalate of potash, 8 oz. pink salts (double permuriato of tin 

 and ammonia), and 8 oz. muriate-of-tin crystals. 



