658 CALICO-PRINTING 



of lime), haro thoir power of absorbing and retaining colour considerably enhanced. 

 The exact part the chlorine plays is not -well known, probably a compound similar to 

 the chloro-protein of Mulder is formed. The effect produced is not one, as might be 

 supposed, of oxidation ; but apparently a merely heightened power of the wool to 

 assimilate colouring matter. Wool subjected to chlorine without tin is much improved 

 in its capacity for colour, but nothing like the same when prepared with tin also. The 

 whole of the chlorine may bo removed from the cloth by passing through an alkali, 

 which renders it necessary to give the stannatc-of-soda padding previously to the 

 chlorinating. It may fairly be assumed that the development of mousseline-de-laine 

 printing by cylinder to the present perfection is due in a groat measure to this chlo- 

 rinating process. It ought also to bo stated that, with rare liberality, Mr. Mercer 

 gave the discovery to the trade, reserving for himself no right whatever. 



Ninth Style : Spirit Colours. 



Topical colours of great brilliancy, but possessed of very little solidity, are made 

 somewhat like steam colours, but with much larger proportions of ' spirits,' by which 

 term is meant the metallic salts and acids, which, combining with the dye-stuff decoc- 

 tions, give the peculiar tone and vivacity to these colours. These colours, from the 

 large adm'Jxture of these salts, are necessarily very acid, and cannot be steamed with- 

 out the destruction of the cloth. They are merely gently dried after printing, and 

 hung in the ageing room for several hours, then rinsed in water, washed, and dried. 



The following are examples of spirit colours : 



No. 210. Black. 1 gallon logwood liquor at 8 T., 1 gallon water, 10 oz. copperas, 

 3 Ibs. starch ; boil, and add pint pernitrate of iron at 80 T. 



No. 211. Pink. 1 gallon Sapan liquor at 8 T., 1 gallon water, 2 Ibs. common salt, 

 1J Ib. starch; boil, cool, and add 1 pint oxymuriate of tin at 120 T., 3 oz. measure 

 nitrate of copper at 80 T. 



No. 212. Blue. 1 gallon water, 1 Ib. yellow prussiate of potash, 6 oz. alum, l Ib. 

 starch ; boil, and add J pint nitrate of iron at 80 T., H gill oxymuriate of tin at 

 120 T. 



No. 213. Brown. 1 gallon berry liquor at 8 T., 2 Ibs. light British gum; boil, 

 and add 1 Ib. muriate-of-tin crystals, 2 quarts spirit pink No. 150, 2 quarts spirit purple 

 No. 214. 



No. 214. Purple. 1 gallon logwood liquor at 8 T., 1 gallon water, 10 oz. copperas, 

 2 Ibs. starch ; boil, and add 1 pint protomuriate of iron at 80 T., 1 pint oxymuriato 

 of tin at 120T. 



No. 215. Orange. 1* gallon berry liquor at 8 T., 12 Ibs. light British gum ; boil, 

 add 6 Ibs. muriate-of-tin crystals, 4 gallons spirit pink No. 211. 



No. 216. Chocolate. 2.^ gallons spirit pink No. 211, 1 gallon spirit blue No. 212. 



No. 217. Bed. 3 gallons Sapan liquor at 4 T., 1 Ib. sal-ammoniac, 1 Ib. verdigris, 

 4 Ibs. starch ; boil, cool, and add 5 Ibs. pink salts, 1 Ib. oxalic acid. 



No. 218. Yellow. 1 gallon berry liquor at 10 T., 4 Ib. alum, 1 Ib. starch ; boil, 

 and add 1 pint of muriato-of-tin liquor at 120 T. 



No. 219. Green. 1 gallon spirit blue No. 212, 1 gallon spirit yellow No. 218. 



No. 220. Spirit Pink for Blocking Madder Work. 4 gallons Brazil-wood liquor at 

 108 T., 9 Ibs. pink salts, 3 Ibs. sal-ammoniac, 2 Ibs. sulphate of copper, 5|- oz. oxalic 

 acid dissolved in 1 pint water, 4i gallons of 6-lb. gum-Senegal water, 1| quart oxy- 

 muriate of tin at 120 T. 



Tenth Style: Bronzes. 



The cloth is padded in solution of sulphate of manganese, the strength of which de- 

 termines the shade of brown produced ; for a medium shade of brown, suitable for 

 discharge colours, the liquor may be 80 T. 



After padding and drying, pad the pieces through caustic soda at 24 T., and again 

 through caustic soda at 12 T., wince well in water, and then in solution of chloride 

 of lime at 2 T. till perfectly brown ; wash well in water, and dry. 



The colours for printing on this dyed ground are so made as to discharge the 

 brown and substitute their own colour in place of it. 



No. 221. Blue Discharge. (a) 6 gallons water, 3| Ibs. yellow prussiate of potash, 

 10 Ibs. starch, 6 Ibs. light British gum ; boil, and add 12 Ibs. tartaric acid, 6 Ibs. oxalic 

 acid, l quart pernitrate of iron : then take (b) 5 quarts of this standard, 3 quarts 

 muriate of tin at 120 T. 



No. 222. Discharge Yellow for Chroming. (n) 1 gallon water, 5 Ibs. nitrate of load, 

 4 Ibs. light British gum ; boil, and add 4 Ibs. tartoric acid ; then take (b) 3 quarts this 

 standard, 1 quart muriate of tin at 120 T. 



No. 223. Discharge Green. 2 quarts yellow standard No. 222 (n), 1 quart bluo 

 standard No. 221 (n\ 1 quart mxiriatc of tin at 120 



