678 CAMPHOR JULEP 



that is to say, a little under 350 F., the condensed vapour would be snowy, and not 

 sufficiently compact and transparent to be saleable. Occasionally, sudden alterations 

 of temperature cause little jets to be thrown up, out of the liquid camphor at the 

 bottom, on the cake formed above, which soil it, and render its resublimation 

 necessary. 



If to the mixture of 100 parts of crude camphor and 2 of quicklime, 2 parts of 

 bone-black, in fine powder, be added, the small quantity of colouring matter in the 

 camphor will be retained at the bottom, and whiter cakes will be produced. A spiral 

 slip of platina foil immersed in the liquid may tend to equalise its ebullition. 



By exposing some volatile oils to spontaneous evaporation, at the heat of about 

 70 F., Proust obtained a residuum of camphor : from oil of lavender, 25 per cent, of 

 its weight ; from oil of sago, 12 ; from oil of marjoram, 10 per cent. 



Refined camphor is a white translucid solid, possessing a peculiar taste and smell. 

 It may be obtained, from the slow cooling of its alcoholic solution, in octahedral 

 crystals. It may be scratched by the nail, is very flexible, and can be reduced into 

 powder readily by mixing it with a few drops of alcohol and giving a few blows to the 

 camphor. Its specific gravity varies from 0'985 to 0'996. Mixed and distilled with 

 six times its weight of clay, it is decomposed, and yields a golden yellow aromatic oil, 

 which ha^s a flavour analogous to that of a mixture of thyme and rosemary ; along with 

 a small quantity of acidulous water tinged with that oil, charcoal remains in the retort. 

 In the air, camphor takes fire on contact of an ignited body, and burns away with a 

 bright fuliginous flame. Pieces of ignited camphor thrown into water execute peculiar 

 rotatory movements. 



Camphor is little soluble in water ; one part being capable of communicating smell 

 and taste to 1,000 of the fluid, this is the Misturce Camphorce of the apothecary. 100 

 parts of alcohol, specific gravity 0'806, dissolve 120 parts of camphor, at ordinary 

 temperatures. It is separated in a pulverulent state by water. Ether and oils, both 

 expressed and volatile, also dissolve it. 



When distilled with 8 parts of aquafortis, camphor is converted into camphoric 

 acid. Camphor absorbs 144 times its volume of muriatic acid gas, and is transformed 

 into a colourless transparent liquid, which becomes solid in the air, because the acid 

 attracts humidity, which precipitates the camphor. One part of strong acetic acid 

 dissolves 2 parts of camphor. By Dr. Ure's analysis, camphor consists of 77'38 

 carbon, 11-14 hydrogen, and 11 '48 oxygen. 



Dumas (1) and Blanchet and Sell (2) have given the following composition : 



(1) (2) 



Carbon . . . 78-02 . . . 77'96 



Hydrogen . . . 10*39 ... 10'61 



Oxygen . . . 11-59 . . . 11'43 



There are two kinds of camphor imported : 



JAPAN CAMPHOB, called DUTCH CAMPHOR, because it is always brought by the 

 Dutch to England. It comes by the way of Batavia, and is imported in tubs (hence 

 it is called tub camphor), covered with matting, and each surrounded by a second tub, 

 secured on the outside by hoops of twisted cane. 



CHINA CAMPHOB, or FOBMOSA CAMPHOB, is imported from Singapore and Bombay, 

 in chests lined with lead-foil, containing about l cwt. 



It has been suggested to introduce the camphor trees into other countries. South 

 Georgia and Florida are named as suitable localities. The Laura camphora is com- 

 monly found in all the nurseries around Paris, and sold at 5 francs for a plant 30 

 inches high. At full growth the tree attains an altitude of from 40 to 50 feet. The 

 wood of the camphor tree is in favour for carpenters' work ; it is light, is easily worked, 

 durable, and not liable to be attacked by insects. It is said that in Sumatra numbers 

 of trees are cut down before one is found to repay. Not a tenth part of the trees 

 attacked yield either camphor or camphor oil. 



The camphor is distinguished by the names of head, belly, and foot, when in bulk. 

 The head camphor is in large white flakes ; the belly camphor, small brown flakes, 

 transparent, like resin coarsely powdered; the foot, like dark-coloured resin. A 

 native 'Catty 'may be divided into: 1. Capallo, or large head, = 2'2; 2. Capallo 

 cachell, or small head, = 3 '5; 3. Baddan, or belly, = 4'2; 4. Cakee, or foot, = 6-1; 

 = 1 Catty, 16. 



CAMPHOR, ARTIFICIAIi. When hydrochloric (muriatic) acid is passed into 

 oil of turpentine, surrounded by ice, two compounds are obtained, one solid and the 

 other fluid. The first, solid artificial camphor C 20 H I6 HC1 <C 1Q H 18 HC1\ is white, 

 transparent, lighter than water, and has a camphoraceous taste. The fluid is termed 

 liquid artificial camphor, or terebine. 



CAMPHOR JTTliEP. Water in which camphor is dissolved. 



