CANDLE 



685 



Best Composite Candles. Made of a mixture of tho hard palm-acid, and stearine of 

 cocoa-nut oil. 



Composites, Nos. 1, 2, and 3, are made of palm-acids, and palm-acids and cocoa- 

 nut stearine, the relative proportions varying according to the relative market prices 

 of palm-oil and cocoa-nut oil at the particular time when tho candles are manu- 

 factured. 



Composite, No. 4. A description of candle introduced at a price a very little above 

 tho price of tallow dip candles. They are somewhat dark in colour, but give a good 

 light. 



The highest priced candles are usually made in the ordinary mould ; but at Messrs. 

 Price and Co.'s manufactory they have a machine for moulding the ordinary stearine 

 candles, the others of a similar nature. When one set of candles is discharged from the 

 mould, the moulds are re-wicked for the next process of filling. These moulds are ar- 

 ranged, side by side, 18 in number, on a frame ; and for each mould there is a reel 

 capable of holding 60 yards of wick, enclosed in a box. The moulded candle, being 

 still attached to the cotton wick, when it is forced out of the mould, brings the fresh 

 wick into it. The moulded candles are, by a very ingenious contrivance, held firm in 

 a horizontal position while a knife passes across and severs the wick. The wicks for 

 the new set of candles are firmly secured, by forceps, to the conical caps of the moulds ; 

 these are carried into a vertical position, and slid upon a railway to a hot closet, 

 where they become sufficiently warm to receive the fat, which, kept at the melting 

 point by steam-pipes, is held in a cistern above the rails ; from this cistern the moulds 

 are filled by as many cocks, which are turned by one impulse. If we imagine an 

 extensive series of these sets of moulds travelling from the machine over a railway, 

 in regular order, and that, when the fat has become solid, these return, the candles are 

 discharged, and the process is renewed the machine will be tolerably well under- 

 stood. Each machine holds about 200 frames of moulds, and each contains 18 

 bobbins, starting each with 60 yards of cotton wick. 



Night-Lights. These are short thick cylinders of fat, with a very thin wick, so 

 proportioned one to the other that they burn any required number of hours. The 

 moulds in which these are made are metal frames, perforated with a number of cylin- 

 drical holes, and having a moveable bottom, with a thin wire projecting from it into 

 every mould. These are filled with melted fat, and when cold, the bottoms are forced 

 up, and all the cylinders of fat ejected, each having a small hole through which tho 

 wick, a cotton, previously impregnated with wax, is inserted. This being done, tho 

 night-light, being pressed on a warm porcelain slab, is melted sufficiently to cement 

 the wick. These night-lights are burned in glass cylinders, into which they fit. 



Child's Night-Liffhts are melted fat poured into card-board boxes, which havo a 

 hole in the bottom, through which the wick and its metallic support are placed. 



Dr. Ure made a set of experiments upon the relative intensities of light, and 

 duration of different candles, the results of which are contained in the following 

 Table : 



A Scotch mutchkin, or th of a gallon, of good seal oil, weighs 6010 gr., or 13i O z. 

 avoirdupois, and lasts in a bright Argand lamp 1 1 hours 44 minutes. The weight of 

 oil it consumes per hour is equal to 4 times the weight of tallow in candles 8 to the 

 pound, and ^th the weight of tallow in candles 6 to the pound. But its light being 

 equal to that of 5 of the latter candles, it appears from the above table that 2 pounds 

 weight of oil, value 9d., in an Argand, are equivalent in illuminating power to 3 pounds 

 of tallow candles, which cost about 2 shillings. Tho larger the flame in the above 

 candles the greater the economy of light. 



MINEBAL CANDLES. Under this general head several varieties of candles have been 

 manufactured at the -works of Price's Candle Company; and these candles manu- 

 factured by Price's Candle Company, at Belmont and Sherwood, are made according 

 to processes patented by Dr, Warren De La Hue. The novelty of these substances 



